+\paran{History}%
+The history of combining arithmetic and logical operations to obtain fast programs for various
+interesting functions is blurred. Many of the bit tricks, which we have described, have been
+discovered independently by numerous people in the early ages of digital computers.
+Since then, they have become a~part of the computer science folklore. Probably the
+earliest documented occurrence is in the 1972's memo of the MIT Artificial Intelligence
+Lab \cite{hakmem}. However, until the work of Fredman and Willard nobody seemed to
+realize the full consequences.
+