xsv.c

   1 /*
   2  *      The Swiss-Army Knife for CSV-like Files
   3  *
   4  *      (c) 2012 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
   5  */
   6
   7 #define _GNU_SOURCE
   8
   9 #include <stdio.h>
  10 #include <stdlib.h>
  11 #include <string.h>
  12 #include <stdarg.h>
  13 #include <getopt.h>
  14 #include <wchar.h>
  15 #include <locale.h>
  16
  17 #include <pcre.h>
  18
  19 #ifdef __GNUC__
  20 #define NONRET __attribute__((noreturn))
  21 #define UNUSED __attribute__((unused))
  22 #else
  23 #define NONRET
  24 #define UNUSED
  25 #endif
  26
  27 static void select_fields(void);
  28 static void select_all_fields(void);
  29
  30 /*** General functions ***/
  31
  32 static void NONRET die(char *msg, ...)
  33 {
  34         va_list args;
  35         va_start(args, msg);
  36         fprintf(stderr, "xsv: ");
  37         vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
  38         fputc('\n', stderr);
  39         va_end(args);
  40         exit(1);
  41 }
  42
  43 /*** Memory allocation ***/
  44
  45 static void *xmalloc(size_t bytes)
  46 {
  47         void *p = malloc(bytes);
  48         if (!p)
  49                 die("Out of memory (cannot allocate %zu bytes)", bytes);
  50         return p;
  51 }
  52
  53 static void *xmalloc_zero(size_t bytes)
  54 {
  55         void *p = xmalloc(bytes);
  56         memset(p, 0, bytes);
  57         return p;
  58 }
  59
  60 static void *xrealloc(void *old, size_t bytes)
  61 {
  62         void *p = realloc(old, bytes);
  63         if (!p)
  64                 die("Out of memory (cannot allocate %zu bytes)", bytes);
  65         return p;
  66 }
  67
  68 #define DECLARE_BUF(name, type) \
  69         typedef struct { type *start; int count; int max; } name##_t;                           \
  70         static inline void name##_init(name##_t *b) { b->start = NULL; b->count = b->max = 0; } \
  71         static inline void name##_reset(name##_t *b) { b->count = 0; }                          \
  72         static inline int name##_count(name##_t *b) { return b->count; }                        \
  73         static void name##_extend(name##_t *b) {                                                \
  74                 b->max = b->max ? 2*b->max : 16;                                                \
  75                 b->start = xrealloc(b->start, b->max * sizeof(type));                           \
  76         }                                                                                       \
  77         static inline type *name##_push(name##_t *b) {                                          \
  78                 if (b->count >= b->max) name##_extend(b);                                       \
  79                 return &b->start[b->count++];                                                   \
  80         }                                                                                       \
  81         static inline type *name##_first(name##_t *b) { return b->start; }                      \
  82         static inline type *name##_nth(name##_t *b, int n) { return &b->start[n]; }             \
  83         // end
  84
  85 DECLARE_BUF(intarray, int);
  86 DECLARE_BUF(stringarray, char *);
  87
  88 /*** Formats and their parameters ***/
  89
  90 enum format_id {
  91         FORM_UNSPEC,
  92         FORM_TSV,
  93         FORM_CSV,
  94         FORM_WS,
  95         FORM_REGEX,
  96         FORM_TMP,
  97         FORM_TABLE,
  98 };
  99
 100 struct format {
 101         enum format_id id;
 102         int fs;
 103         int quote;
 104         int quiet;
 105         int sloppy;
 106         int (*read_line)(struct format *fmt);
 107         void (*write_line)(struct format *fmt);
 108         void (*write_grid)(struct format *fmt, int pos);        // -1=above, 1=below, 0=after header
 109         int needs_stats;
 110
 111         // Field names
 112         int has_header;
 113         char *set_field_names;
 114         struct field_names *field_names;
 115
 116         // CSV backend:
 117         int always_quote;
 118
 119         // regex backend:
 120         pcre *pcre;
 121         pcre_extra *pcre_extra;
 122
 123         // Temporary file backend:
 124         FILE *tmp_file;
 125
 126         // Table backend:
 127         int table_sep;
 128         int table_grid;
 129 };
 130
 131 static struct format *in_format, *out_format;
 132 static int want_trim, want_equalize, want_stats;
 133
 134 struct field {
 135         int start_pos;
 136         int len;
 137 };
 138
 139 DECLARE_BUF(fields, struct field);
 140 DECLARE_BUF(line, unsigned char);
 141
 142 static fields_t in_fields, out_fields;
 143 static struct field *in_field;
 144 static line_t in_line;
 145 static int line_number;
 146
 147 static int read_line(void)
 148 {
 149         fields_reset(&in_fields);
 150         line_reset(&in_line);
 151         in_field = NULL;
 152         if (!in_format->read_line(in_format))
 153                 return 0;
 154         if (ferror_unlocked(stdin))
 155                 die("I/O error when reading standard input");
 156         return 1;
 157 }
 158
 159 static void write_line(void)
 160 {
 161         out_format->write_line(out_format);
 162         if (ferror_unlocked(stdout))
 163                 die("I/O error when writing standard input");
 164 }
 165
 166 static void write_grid(int pos)
 167 {
 168         if (out_format->write_grid) {
 169                 out_format->write_grid(out_format, pos);
 170                 if (ferror_unlocked(stdout))
 171                         die("I/O error when writing standard input");
 172         }
 173 }
 174
 175 static void new_field(int pos)
 176 {
 177         in_field = fields_push(&in_fields);
 178         in_field->start_pos = pos;
 179         in_field->len = 0;
 180 }
 181
 182 static void ensure_field(int pos)
 183 {
 184         if (!in_field)
 185                 new_field(pos);
 186 }
 187
 188 static unsigned char *get_field(fields_t *fields, int i, int *len)
 189 {
 190         struct field *f = fields_nth(fields, i);
 191         *len = f->len;
 192         return line_nth(&in_line, f->start_pos);
 193 }
 194
 195 static void warn(struct format *fmt, char *msg, ...)
 196 {
 197         if (!fmt->quiet) {
 198                 fprintf(stderr, "Warning at line %d: ", line_number);
 199                 va_list args;
 200                 va_start(args, msg);
 201                 vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
 202                 va_end(args);
 203                 fputc('\n', stderr);
 204         }
 205 }
 206
 207 static int next_line(void)
 208 {
 209         for (;;) {
 210                 int c = getchar_unlocked();
 211                 if (c == '\r')
 212                         continue;
 213                 if (c < 0)
 214                         return !!line_count(&in_line);
 215                 if (c == '\n')
 216                         return 1;
 217                 *line_push(&in_line) = c;
 218         }
 219 }
 220
 221 static int field_chars(struct field *f)
 222 {
 223         unsigned char *s = line_nth(&in_line, f->start_pos);
 224         int i = 0;
 225         mbstate_t mbs;
 226         memset(&mbs, 0, sizeof(mbs));
 227
 228         int chars = 0;
 229         while (i < f->len) {
 230                 size_t k = mbrlen((char *) s + i, f->len - i, &mbs);
 231                 if ((int) k <= 0)
 232                         break;
 233                 i += k;
 234                 chars++;
 235         }
 236
 237         return chars;
 238 }
 239
 240 /*** Field statistics ***/
 241
 242 static intarray_t column_widths;
 243
 244 static void update_stats(void)
 245 {
 246         if (!want_stats)
 247                 return;
 248
 249         for (int i = 0; i < fields_count(&out_fields); i++) {
 250                 struct field *f = fields_nth(&out_fields, i);
 251                 intarray_t *w = &column_widths;
 252
 253                 while (i >= intarray_count(w))
 254                         *intarray_push(w) = 0;
 255                 int fw = field_chars(f);
 256                 if (*intarray_nth(w, i) < fw)
 257                         *intarray_nth(w, i) = fw;
 258         }
 259 }
 260
 261 /*** CSV/TSV back-end */
 262
 263 static int csv_read(struct format *fmt)
 264 {
 265         int quoted = 0;
 266         for (;;) {
 267                 int c = getchar_unlocked();
 268                 int i = line_count(&in_line);
 269 restart:
 270                 if (c == '\r')
 271                         continue;
 272                 if (c < 0 || c == '\n') {
 273                         if (quoted)
 274                                 warn(fmt, "Missing closing quote.");
 275                         if (c < 0)
 276                                 return !!fields_count(&in_fields);
 277                         else
 278                                 return 1;
 279                 }
 280                 if (quoted) {
 281                         if (c == fmt->quote) {
 282                                 c = getchar_unlocked();
 283                                 if (c != fmt->quote) {
 284                                         quoted = 0;
 285                                         goto restart;
 286                                 }
 287                                 // Two quotes assimilate to one
 288                         }
 289                         // Fall through to pushing the character
 290                 } else if (c == fmt->quote) {
 291                         quoted = 1;
 292                         continue;
 293                 } else if (c == fmt->fs && !quoted) {
 294                         ensure_field(i);
 295                         new_field(i);
 296                         continue;
 297                 }
 298                 ensure_field(i);
 299                 *line_push(&in_line) = c;
 300                 in_field->len++;
 301         }
 302 }
 303
 304 static int is_ws(int c)
 305 {
 306         return (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f');
 307 }
 308
 309 static void csv_write(struct format *fmt)
 310 {
 311         for (int i=0; i < fields_count(&out_fields); i++) {
 312                 int len;
 313                 unsigned char *p = get_field(&out_fields, i, &len);
 314
 315                 int need_quotes = 0;
 316                 if (fmt->quote >= 0) {
 317                         need_quotes = fmt->always_quote;
 318                         for (int j=0; !need_quotes && j < len; j++) {
 319                                 if (p[j] == fmt->fs || p[j] == fmt->quote)
 320                                         need_quotes = 1;
 321                         }
 322                 }
 323                 if (i)
 324                         putchar_unlocked(fmt->fs);
 325                 if (need_quotes)
 326                         putchar_unlocked(fmt->quote);
 327                 for (int j=0; j < len; j++) {
 328                         int c = p[j];
 329                         if (c == fmt->fs && !need_quotes)
 330                                 warn(fmt, "Field separator found inside field and quoting is turned off.");
 331                         if (c == fmt->quote)
 332                                 putchar_unlocked(c);
 333                         putchar_unlocked(c);
 334                 }
 335                 if (need_quotes)
 336                         putchar_unlocked(fmt->quote);
 337         }
 338         putchar_unlocked('\n');
 339 }
 340
 341 /*** White-space back-end ***/
 342
 343 static int ws_read(struct format *fmt)
 344 {
 345         if (!next_line())
 346                 return 0;
 347
 348         unsigned char *line = line_first(&in_line);
 349         int n = line_count(&in_line);
 350         if (!n)
 351                 return 1;
 352
 353         int ws = 0;
 354         new_field(0);
 355         for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
 356                 int c = line[i];
 357                 if (is_ws(c)) {
 358                         ws++;
 359                 } else {
 360                         if (ws) {
 361                                 if (!in_field->start_pos &&
 362                                     !in_field->len &&
 363                                     fmt->sloppy)
 364                                         in_field->start_pos = i;
 365                                 else
 366                                         new_field(i);
 367                                 ws = 0;
 368                         }
 369                         in_field->len++;
 370                 }
 371         }
 372
 373         if (ws && !fmt->sloppy)
 374                 new_field(n);
 375         return 1;
 376 }
 377
 378 /*** Regex back-end ***/
 379
 380 static const char *regex_set(struct format *f, char *rx)
 381 {
 382         const char *err;
 383         int errpos;
 384         f->pcre = pcre_compile(rx, PCRE_DOLLAR_ENDONLY, &err, &errpos, NULL);
 385         if (!f->pcre)
 386                 return err;
 387
 388         f->pcre_extra = pcre_study(f->pcre, 0, &err);
 389         if (!f->pcre_extra)
 390                 return err;
 391
 392         return NULL;
 393 }
 394
 395 static int regex_read(struct format *fmt)
 396 {
 397         if (!next_line())
 398                 return 0;
 399
 400         unsigned char *c = line_first(&in_line);
 401         int n = line_count(&in_line);
 402         if (!n)
 403                 return 1;
 404
 405         int i = 0;
 406         for (;;) {
 407                 int ovec[3];
 408                 int err = pcre_exec(fmt->pcre, fmt->pcre_extra, (char *) c, n, i, 0, ovec, 3);
 409                 if (err < 0) {
 410                         if (err != PCRE_ERROR_NOMATCH)
 411                                 warn(fmt, "PCRE matching error %d", err);
 412                         // No further occurrence of the separator: the rest is a single field
 413                         if (!fmt->sloppy || i < n) {
 414                                 new_field(i);
 415                                 in_field->len = n - i;
 416                         }
 417                         return 1;
 418                 }
 419                 if (ovec[0] == ovec[1]) {
 420                         warn(fmt, "Regular expression matched an empty separator.");
 421                         new_field(i);
 422                         in_field->len = n - i;
 423                         return 1;
 424                 }
 425                 if (!fmt->sloppy || ovec[0]) {
 426                         new_field(i);
 427                         in_field->len = ovec[0] - i;
 428                 }
 429                 i = ovec[1];
 430         }
 431 }
 432
 433 /*** Table back-end ***/
 434
 435 static void table_write(struct format *fmt)
 436 {
 437         for (int i = 0; i < intarray_count(&column_widths); i++) {
 438                 if (fmt->table_grid) {
 439                         putchar_unlocked('|');
 440                         printf("%*s", fmt->table_sep / 2, "");
 441                 } else if (i)
 442                         printf("%*s", fmt->table_sep, "");
 443
 444                 int cw = *intarray_nth(&column_widths, i);
 445                 int fw = 0;
 446                 if (i < fields_count(&out_fields)) {
 447                         int len;
 448                         unsigned char *p = get_field(&out_fields, i, &len);
 449                         fw = field_chars(fields_nth(&out_fields, i));
 450                         if (fw > cw) {
 451                                 warn(fmt, "Internal error: Wrongly calculated width of column %d (%d > %d)", i, fw, cw);
 452                                 cw = fw;
 453                         }
 454                         while (len--)
 455                                 putchar(*p++);
 456                 }
 457                 while (fw < cw) {
 458                         putchar_unlocked(' ');
 459                         fw++;
 460                 }
 461
 462                 if (fmt->table_grid)
 463                         printf("%*s", fmt->table_sep - fmt->table_sep / 2, "");
 464         }
 465
 466         if (fmt->table_grid)
 467                 putchar_unlocked('|');
 468         putchar_unlocked('\n');
 469 }
 470
 471 static void table_write_grid(struct format *fmt, int pos UNUSED)
 472 {
 473         if (!fmt->table_grid)
 474                 return;
 475
 476         for (int i = 0; i < intarray_count(&column_widths); i++) {
 477                 putchar_unlocked('+');
 478                 int w = fmt->table_sep + *intarray_nth(&column_widths, i);
 479                 while (w--)
 480                         putchar('-');
 481         }
 482         putchar_unlocked('+');
 483         putchar_unlocked('\n');
 484 }
 485
 486 /*** Temporary file back-end ***/
 487
 488 static int tmp_read(struct format *fmt)
 489 {
 490         FILE *tf = fmt->tmp_file;
 491
 492         for (;;) {
 493                 int c = getc_unlocked(tf);
 494                 if (c < 0)
 495                         return 0;
 496                 if (c == 0xff)
 497                         return 1;
 498                 if (c == 0xfe) {
 499                         c = getc_unlocked(tf);
 500                         c = (c << 8) | getc_unlocked(tf);
 501                         c = (c << 8) | getc_unlocked(tf);
 502                         c = (c << 8) | getc_unlocked(tf);
 503                 }
 504                 new_field(line_count(&in_line));
 505                 in_field->len = c;
 506                 while (c--) {
 507                         int x = getc_unlocked(tf);
 508                         if (x < 0)
 509                                 die("Truncated temporary file");
 510                         *line_push(&in_line) = x;
 511                 }
 512         }
 513
 514         if (ferror_unlocked(tf))
 515                 die("I/O error when reading temporary file");
 516 }
 517
 518 static void tmp_write(struct format *fmt)
 519 {
 520         FILE *tf = fmt->tmp_file;
 521
 522         for (int i = 0; i < fields_count(&out_fields); i++) {
 523                 int len;
 524                 unsigned char *p = get_field(&out_fields, i, &len);
 525
 526                 if (len < 0xfe)
 527                         putc_unlocked(len, tf);
 528                 else {
 529                         putc_unlocked(0xfe, tf);
 530                         putc_unlocked((len >> 24) & 0xff, tf);
 531                         putc_unlocked((len >> 16) & 0xff, tf);
 532                         putc_unlocked((len >> 8) & 0xff, tf);
 533                         putc_unlocked(len & 0xff, tf);
 534                 }
 535
 536                 while (len--)
 537                         putc_unlocked(*p++, tf);
 538         }
 539         putc_unlocked(0xff, tf);
 540
 541         if (ferror_unlocked(tf))
 542                 die("I/O error when writing temporary file");
 543 }
 544
 545 /*** Transforms ***/
 546
 547 static void trim_fields(void)
 548 {
 549         unsigned char *line = line_first(&in_line);
 550         for (int i = 0; i < fields_count(&in_fields); i++) {
 551                 struct field *f = fields_nth(&in_fields, i);
 552                 while (f->len && is_ws(line[f->start_pos]))
 553                         f->start_pos++, f->len--;
 554                 while (f->len && is_ws(line[f->start_pos + f->len - 1]))
 555                         f->len--;
 556         }
 557 }
 558
 559 static void equalize_fields(void)
 560 {
 561         while (fields_count(&out_fields) < intarray_count(&column_widths)) {
 562                 struct field *f = fields_push(&out_fields);
 563                 f->start_pos = f->len = 0;
 564         }
 565 }
 566
 567 /*** Field names and headers ***/
 568
 569 struct field_names {
 570         stringarray_t names;
 571 };
 572
 573 static void add_field(struct field_names *fn, char *name, int namelen)
 574 {
 575         char *n = xmalloc(namelen + 1);
 576         memcpy(n, name, namelen);
 577         n[namelen] = 0;
 578         *stringarray_push(&fn->names) = n;
 579 }
 580
 581 static void add_field_names(struct field_names *fn, char *names)
 582 {
 583         char *p = names;
 584         while (p) {
 585                 char *q = strchr(p, ',');
 586                 int len = q ? q-p : (int) strlen(p);
 587                 add_field(fn, p, len);
 588                 p = q ? q+1 : NULL;
 589         }
 590 }
 591
 592 static void read_header(void)
 593 {
 594         if (!(in_format->has_header || in_format->set_field_names))
 595                 return;
 596
 597         struct field_names *fn = xmalloc_zero(sizeof(*fn));
 598         in_format->field_names = fn;
 599
 600         if (in_format->has_header) {
 601                 if (!read_line())
 602                         die("Missing input header");
 603         }
 604
 605         if (in_format->set_field_names) {
 606                 add_field_names(fn, in_format->set_field_names);
 607         } else {
 608                 for (int i = 0; i < fields_count(&in_fields); i++) {
 609                         int len;
 610                         char *s = (char *) get_field(&in_fields, i, &len);
 611                         add_field(fn, s, len);
 612                 }
 613         }
 614 }
 615
 616 static void write_header(void)
 617 {
 618         if (!out_format->has_header) {
 619                 write_grid(-1);
 620                 return;
 621         }
 622
 623         int want_select_fields = 0;
 624         if (out_format->set_field_names) {
 625                 struct field_names *fn = xmalloc_zero(sizeof(*fn));
 626                 out_format->field_names = fn;
 627                 add_field_names(fn, out_format->set_field_names);
 628         } else if (in_format->field_names) {
 629                 out_format->field_names = in_format->field_names;
 630                 want_select_fields = 1;
 631         } else
 632                 die("Output header requested, but no field names specified");
 633
 634         line_reset(&in_line);
 635         fields_reset(&in_fields);
 636         struct field_names *fn = out_format->field_names;
 637         for (int i = 0; i < stringarray_count(&fn->names); i++) {
 638                 struct field *f = fields_push(&in_fields);
 639                 f->start_pos = line_count(&in_line);
 640                 f->len = 0;
 641                 char *s = *stringarray_nth(&fn->names, i);
 642                 while (*s) {
 643                         *line_push(&in_line) = *s++;
 644                         f->len++;
 645                 }
 646         }
 647
 648         fields_reset(&out_fields);
 649         if (want_select_fields)
 650                 select_fields();
 651         else
 652                 select_all_fields();
 653
 654         // This is tricky: when we are formatting a table, field names are normally
 655         // calculated in pass 1, but the header is written in pass 2, so we have to
 656         // update column statistics, because field name can be too wide to fit.
 657         want_stats++;
 658         update_stats();
 659         want_stats--;
 660         if (want_equalize)
 661                 equalize_fields();
 662         write_grid(-1);
 663         write_line();
 664         write_grid(0);
 665 }
 666
 667 static void write_footer(void)
 668 {
 669         write_grid(1);
 670 }
 671
 672 static int find_field_by_name(struct field_names *fn, char *name)
 673 {
 674         for (int i = 0; i < stringarray_count(&fn->names); i++)
 675                 if (!strcmp(*stringarray_nth(&fn->names, i), name))
 676                         return i + 1;
 677         return -1;
 678 }
 679
 680 /*** Field selection ***/
 681
 682 struct selector {
 683         int first_field, last_field;            // 0 means "boundary"
 684 };
 685
 686 DECLARE_BUF(selectors, struct selector);
 687 static selectors_t selectors;
 688
 689 static int parse_field_num(char *str)
 690 {
 691         int f = 0;
 692
 693         while (*str) {
 694                 if (*str < '0' || *str > '9')
 695                         return -1;
 696                 if (f >= 100000000)
 697                         return -1;
 698                 f = 10*f + *str - '0';
 699                 str++;
 700         }
 701         return f;
 702 }
 703
 704 static int parse_field(char *str)
 705 {
 706         if (!*str)
 707                 return 0;
 708
 709         int f = parse_field_num(str);
 710         if (f > 0)
 711                 return f;
 712
 713         if (in_format->field_names && (f = find_field_by_name(in_format->field_names, str)) > 0)
 714                 return f;
 715
 716         die("Unknown field `%s'", str);
 717 }
 718
 719 static char *parse_selector(char *str)
 720 {
 721         char buf[strlen(str) + 1];
 722         strcpy(buf, str);
 723
 724         struct selector *s = selectors_push(&selectors);
 725         char *sep = strchr(buf, '-');
 726         if (sep) {
 727                 *sep++ = 0;
 728                 s->first_field = parse_field(buf);
 729                 s->last_field = parse_field(sep);
 730         } else
 731                 s->first_field = s->last_field = parse_field(buf);
 732
 733         return NULL;
 734 }
 735
 736 static void finish_parse_selectors(void)
 737 {
 738         if (!selectors_count(&selectors))
 739                 parse_selector("-");
 740 }
 741
 742 static void select_fields(void)
 743 {
 744         for (int i = 0; i < selectors_count(&selectors); i++) {
 745                 struct selector *s = selectors_nth(&selectors, i);
 746                 int first = s->first_field;
 747                 if (first <= 0)
 748                         first = 1;
 749                 int last = s->last_field;
 750                 if (last <= 0)
 751                         last = fields_count(&in_fields);
 752                 for (int j = first; j <= last; j++) {
 753                         struct field *f = fields_push(&out_fields);
 754                         if (j >= 1 && j <= fields_count(&in_fields))
 755                                 *f = *fields_nth(&in_fields, j-1);
 756                         else
 757                                 f->start_pos = f->len = 0;
 758                 }
 759         }
 760 }
 761
 762 static void select_all_fields(void)
 763 {
 764         for (int i = 0; i < fields_count(&in_fields); i++)
 765                 *fields_push(&out_fields) = *fields_nth(&in_fields, i);
 766 }
 767
 768 /*** Processing of files ***/
 769
 770 static void one_pass(int pass)
 771 {
 772         if (pass & 2)
 773                 write_header();
 774
 775         for (;;) {
 776                 line_number++;
 777                 if (!read_line())
 778                         break;
 779
 780                 if (want_trim && (pass & 1))
 781                         trim_fields();
 782
 783                 fields_reset(&out_fields);
 784                 if (pass & 1)
 785                         select_fields();
 786                 else
 787                         select_all_fields();
 788
 789                 if (want_equalize && (pass & 2))
 790                         equalize_fields();
 791                 update_stats();
 792                 write_line();
 793         }
 794
 795         if (pass & 2)
 796                 write_footer();
 797 }
 798
 799 static void two_pass(void)
 800 {
 801         struct format *final_format = out_format;
 802
 803         // We need to use character set info from the current locale
 804         setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
 805
 806         // Pass 1: Set up writer of intermediate format
 807         out_format = xmalloc_zero(sizeof(*out_format));
 808         out_format->id = FORM_TMP;
 809         out_format->read_line = tmp_read;
 810         out_format->write_line = tmp_write;
 811         out_format->tmp_file = tmpfile();
 812         out_format->field_names = in_format->field_names;
 813         one_pass(1);
 814
 815         // Pass 2: Set up reader of intermediate format
 816         in_format = out_format;
 817         rewind(in_format->tmp_file);
 818         line_number = 0;
 819         out_format = final_format;
 820         want_stats = 0;
 821         one_pass(2);
 822         fclose(in_format->tmp_file);
 823 }
 824
 825 /*** Parsing of arguments ***/
 826
 827 static void NONRET usage(void)
 828 {
 829         printf("\
 830 Usage: xsv <in-format> [<out-format>] <options> [<fields>]\n\
 831 \n\
 832 Formats:\n\
 833 -t, --tsv               Tab-separated values (default)\n\
 834 -c, --csv               Comma-separated values\n\
 835 -w, --ws                Values separated by arbitrary whitespace\n\
 836 -r, --regex=<rx>        Separator given by Perl regular expression (input only)\n\
 837     --table             Format a table (output only)\n\
 838 \n\
 839 Format parameters:\n\
 840 -d, --fs=<char>         Delimiter of fields\n\
 841 -f, --fields=<f>,...    Set field names\n\
 842 -h, --header            The first line contains field names\n\
 843 -q, --quiet             Do not show warnings\n\
 844     --always-quote      Put quotes around all fields (CSV output only)\n\
 845     --table-sep=<n>     Separate table columns by <n> spaces (default: 2)\n\
 846     --grid              Separate table columns by grid lines\n\
 847 -s, --sloppy            Ignore separators at the start/end of line (ws/regex only)\n\
 848 \n\
 849 Other options:\n\
 850     --trim              Trim leading and trailing whitespaces in fields\n\
 851     --equalize          Pad all lines to the maximum number of fields\n\
 852 ");
 853         exit(0);
 854 }
 855
 856 static void NONRET bad_args(const char *msg, ...)
 857 {
 858         if (msg) {
 859                 va_list args;
 860                 va_start(args, msg);
 861                 fprintf(stderr, "xsv: ");
 862                 vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
 863                 fputc('\n', stderr);
 864                 va_end(args);
 865         }
 866         fprintf(stderr, "Try `xsv --help' for more information.\n");
 867         exit(1);
 868 }
 869
 870 static const char short_options[] = "cd:f:hqr:twW";
 871
 872 enum long_options {
 873         OPT_HELP = 256,
 874         OPT_TRIM,
 875         OPT_ALWAYS_QUOTE,
 876         OPT_TABLE,
 877         OPT_TABLE_SEP,
 878         OPT_GRID,
 879         OPT_EQUALIZE,
 880 };
 881
 882 static const struct option long_options[] = {
 883         { "always-quote",       0,      NULL,   OPT_ALWAYS_QUOTE },
 884         { "csv",                0,      NULL,   'c' },
 885         { "equalize",           0,      NULL,   OPT_EQUALIZE },
 886         { "fields",             1,      NULL,   'f' },
 887         { "fs",                 1,      NULL,   'd' },
 888         { "grid",               0,      NULL,   OPT_GRID },
 889         { "header",             0,      NULL,   'h' },
 890         { "quiet",              0,      NULL,   'q' },
 891         { "regex",              1,      NULL,   'r' },
 892         { "sloppy",             0,      NULL,   's' },
 893         { "table",              0,      NULL,   OPT_TABLE },
 894         { "table-sep",          1,      NULL,   OPT_TABLE_SEP },
 895         { "trim",               0,      NULL,   OPT_TRIM },
 896         { "tsv",                0,      NULL,   't' },
 897         { "ws",                 0,      NULL,   'w' },
 898         { "help",               0,      NULL,   OPT_HELP },
 899         { NULL,                 0,      NULL,   0 },
 900 };
 901
 902 static void set_format(int format_id)
 903 {
 904         struct format *f = xmalloc_zero(sizeof(*f));
 905         f->id = format_id;
 906
 907         switch (format_id) {
 908                 case FORM_TSV:
 909                         f->fs = '\t';
 910                         f->quote = -1;
 911                         f->read_line = csv_read;
 912                         f->write_line = csv_write;
 913                         break;
 914                 case FORM_CSV:
 915                         f->fs = ',';
 916                         f->quote = '"';
 917                         f->read_line = csv_read;
 918                         f->write_line = csv_write;
 919                         break;
 920                 case FORM_WS:
 921                         f->fs = ' ';
 922                         f->quote = -1;
 923                         f->read_line = ws_read;
 924                         f->write_line = csv_write;
 925                         break;
 926                 case FORM_REGEX:
 927                         f->read_line = regex_read;
 928                         break;
 929                 case FORM_TABLE:
 930                         f->write_line = table_write;
 931                         f->write_grid = table_write_grid;
 932                         f->needs_stats = 1;
 933                         f->table_sep = 2;
 934                         break;
 935         }
 936
 937         if (!in_format)
 938                 in_format = f;
 939         else if (!out_format)
 940                 out_format = f;
 941         else
 942                 bad_args("At most two formats may be given.");
 943 }
 944
 945 static struct format *current_format(void)
 946 {
 947         if (out_format)
 948                 return out_format;
 949         if (in_format)
 950                 return in_format;
 951         set_format(FORM_TSV);
 952         return in_format;
 953 }
 954
 955 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 956 {
 957         int opt;
 958         const char *err;
 959
 960         while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, short_options, long_options, NULL)) >= 0)
 961                 switch (opt) {
 962                         case 'c':
 963                                 set_format(FORM_CSV);
 964                                 break;
 965                         case 'd':
 966                                 if (optarg[0])
 967                                         current_format()->fs = optarg[0];
 968                                 else
 969                                         bad_args("No field delimiter given.");
 970                                 break;
 971                         case 'f':
 972                                 current_format()->set_field_names = optarg;
 973                                 break;
 974                         case 'h':
 975                                 current_format()->has_header = 1;
 976                                 break;
 977                         case 'q':
 978                                 current_format()->quiet = 1;
 979                                 break;
 980                         case 'r':
 981                                 set_format(FORM_REGEX);
 982                                 err = regex_set(current_format(), optarg);
 983                                 if (err)
 984                                         bad_args("Error compiling regex: %s", err);
 985                                 break;
 986                         case 's':
 987                                 if (current_format()->id != FORM_WS && current_format()->id != FORM_REGEX)
 988                                         bad_args("--sloppy makes sense only for --ws or --regex.");
 989                                 current_format()->sloppy = 1;
 990                                 break;
 991                         case 't':
 992                                 set_format(FORM_TSV);
 993                                 break;
 994                         case 'w':
 995                                 set_format(FORM_WS);
 996                                 break;
 997                         case OPT_ALWAYS_QUOTE:
 998                                 if (current_format()->id != FORM_CSV)
 999                                         bad_args("--always-quote makes sense only for --csv.");
1000                                 current_format()->always_quote = 1;
1001                                 break;
1002                         case OPT_HELP:
1003                                 usage();
1004                         case OPT_TRIM:
1005                                 want_trim = 1;
1006                                 break;
1007                         case OPT_TABLE:
1008                                 set_format(FORM_TABLE);
1009                                 break;
1010                         case OPT_TABLE_SEP:
1011                                 current_format()->table_sep = atoi(optarg);
1012                                 break;
1013                         case OPT_GRID:
1014                                 current_format()->table_grid = 1;
1015                                 break;
1016                         case OPT_EQUALIZE:
1017                                 want_equalize = 1;
1018                                 break;
1019                         default:
1020                                 bad_args(NULL);
1021                 }
1022
1023         current_format();
1024         if (!out_format)
1025                 out_format = in_format;
1026         if (!in_format->read_line)
1027                 bad_args("Write-only format selected for input.");
1028         if (!out_format->write_line)
1029                 bad_args("Read-only format selected for output.");
1030         read_header();
1031
1032         for (int i = optind; i < argc; i++) {
1033                 err = parse_selector(argv[i]);
1034                 if (err)
1035                         bad_args(err);
1036         }
1037         finish_parse_selectors();
1038
1039         want_stats = out_format->needs_stats | want_equalize;
1040         if (want_stats)
1041                 two_pass();
1042         else
1043                 one_pass(3);
1044         return 0;
1045 }