4 This document describes run-time configuration of libucw-based
5 programs using config files. For compile-time configuration,
12 Configuration items of all modules are organized into sections.
13 The sections form a tree structure with top-level sections corresponding
16 Each configuration item belongs to one of the following classes:
18 1. single value or a fixed-length array of values
19 2. variable-length array of values
20 3. subsection with several nested attributes
21 4. list of nodes, each being an instance of a subsection
22 5. bitmap of small integers (0..31) or fixed list of strings
23 6. exceptions (items with irregular syntax; however, they always
24 appear as a sequence of strings, only the semantics differ)
26 Both fixed- and variable-length arrays consist of items of the same
27 type. The basic types supported by the configuration mechanism are:
31 3. floating point number
34 6. choice (one of a fixed list of strings)
36 Program modules can define their own special types (such as network
37 masks or attribute names) and decide how are they parsed.
40 Format of configuration files
41 -----------------------------
43 Configuration files are text files that usually set one attribute per
44 line, though it is possible to split one assignment into multiple lines
45 and/or assign several attributes in one line. The basic format of an
48 name value1 value2 ... valueN
52 name=value1 value2 ... valueN
54 The end of line means also end of a command unless it is preceded by a
55 backslash. On the other hand, a semicolon terminates the command and
56 another command can start after the semicolon. A hash starts a comment
57 that lasts until the end of the line. A value can be enclosed in
58 apostrophes or quotation marks and then it can contain spaces and/or
59 control characters, otherwise the first space or control character
60 denotes the end of the value. Values enclosed in quotation marks are
61 interpreted as C-strings. For example, the following are valid
64 Database "main db\x2b"; Directory='index/'; Weights 100 20 30 \
65 40 50 80 # a comment that is ignored
67 Numerical values can be succeeded by a unit. The following units are
73 h=3600 m=1000000 M=1048576
74 %=0.01 g=1000000000 G=1073741824
76 Attributes of a section or a list node can be set in two ways. First,
77 you can write the name of the section or list, open a bracket, and then
78 set the attributes inside the section. For example,
83 ListNode { #creates a list and adds its first node
87 ListNode { Attr3=value5; Attr4=value6 }
88 #appends a new node; this is still the same syntax
91 The second possibility is using a shorter syntax when all attributes of a
92 section are set on one line in a fixed order. The above example could
98 ListNode value3 value4
99 ListNode value5 value6
102 Of course, you cannot use the latter syntax when the attributes allow
103 variable numbers of parameters. The parser of the configuration files
104 checks this possibility.
106 If you want to set a single attribute in some section, you can also
107 refer to the attribute as Section.Attribute.
109 Lists support several operations besides adding a new node. You just
110 have to write a colon immediately after the attribute name, followed by
111 the name of the operation. The following operations are supported:
115 List:clear # removes all nodes
116 List:append { attr1=value1; ... } # adds a new node at the end
117 List:prepend { attr1=value1; ... } # adds a new node at the beginning
118 List:remove { attr1=search1 } # find a node and delete it
119 List:edit { attr1=search1 } { attr1=value1; ... }
120 # find a node and edit it
121 List:after { attr1=search1 } { ... } # insert a node after a found node
122 List:before { attr1=search1 } { ... } # insert a node before a found node
123 List:copy { attr1=search1 } { ... } # duplicate a node and edit the copy
125 You can specify several attributes in the search condition and the nodes
126 are tested for equality in all these attributes. In the editing
127 commands, you can either open a second block with overridden attributes,
128 or specify the new values using the shorter one-line syntax.
130 The commands :clear, :append, and :prepend are also supported by var-length
131 arrays. The command :clear can also be used on string values. The following
132 operations can be used on bitmaps: :set (which is equal to :append and :prepend),
133 :remove, :clear, and :all (set all bits).
136 Including other files
137 ---------------------
139 To include another file, use the command
143 (Beware that this command has to be the last one on the line.)
146 Command-line parameters
147 -----------------------
149 The default configuration file (cf_def_file possibly overriden
150 by environment variable cf_env_file) is read before the program is started.
151 You can use a -C option to override the name of the configuration file.
152 If you use this parameter several times, then all those files are loaded
153 consecutively. A parameter -S can be used to execute a configuration
154 command directly (after loading the default or specified configuration
157 bin/program -Ccf/my-config -S'module.trace=2;module.logfile:clear' ...
159 If the program is compiled with debugging information, then one more
160 parameter `--dumpconfig` is supported. It prints all parsed configuration
163 All these switches must be used before any other parameters of the
170 During compilation, all configuration files are pre-processed by a simple
171 C-like preprocessor, which supports `#ifdef`, `#ifndef`, `#if`,
172 `#elsif`, `#else` and `#endif` directives referring to compile-time
173 configuration variables (the ones detected by `configure` script, you
174 can see list of them in `obj/autoconf.h`). `#if` and `#elsif` can contain
175 any Perl expression where each `CONFIG_xyz` configuration variable is
176 substituted to 0 or 1 depending on its value.
178 The preprocessor also substitutes `@VARIABLE@` by the value of the variable,
179 which must be defined.
185 Trying to access an unknown attribute causes an error, but unrecognized
186 top-level sections are ignored. The reason is that a common config file
187 is used for a lot of programs which recognize only their own sections.
189 Names of sections, attributes and choices are case-insensitive. Units are