4 * (c) 2010 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
8 * Things that are not implemented:
11 * - exact behavior of accumulator/R1/R2 (the manual lacks details)
12 * - exact behavior of negative zero
13 * - I/O instructions for devices that are not emulated (paper tape
14 * reader and puncher, card reader and puncher, magnetic tape unit)
28 static int cpu_quota = -1;
29 static int print_quota = -1;
30 static void (*error_hook)(char *msg);
32 // Minsk-2 has 37-bit words in sign-magnitude representation (bit 36 = sign)
33 typedef unsigned long long int word;
35 #define WORD_MASK 01777777777777ULL
36 #define SIGN_MASK 01000000000000ULL
37 #define VAL_MASK 00777777777777ULL
39 static int wsign(word w)
41 return (w & SIGN_MASK) ? -1 : 1;
44 static word wabs(word w)
49 #define WF(w) (wsign(w) < 0 ? '-' : '+'), wabs(w)
51 static long long wtoll(word w)
59 static word wfromll(long long x)
61 word w = ((x < 0) ? -x : x) & VAL_MASK;
67 static double wtofrac(word w)
69 return (double)wtoll(w) / (double)(1ULL << 36);
72 static word wfromfrac(double d)
74 return wfromll((long long)(d * (double)(1ULL << 36)));
77 static int int_in_range(long long x)
79 return (x >= -(long long)VAL_MASK && x <= (long long)VAL_MASK);
82 static int frac_in_range(double d)
84 return (d > -1. && d < 1.);
87 static int wexp(word w)
90 return (w & 0100 ? -exp : exp);
93 static word wputexp(word w, int exp)
95 return ((w & ~(word)0177) | ((exp < 0) ? 0100 | (-exp) : exp));
98 static int wmanti(word w)
100 return ((w >> 8) & ((1 << 28) - 1));
103 static double wtofloat(word w)
105 double x = wmanti(w);
106 return ldexp(x, wexp(w) - 28);
109 static int float_in_range(double x)
112 return (x <= ldexp((1 << 28) - 1, 63 - 28));
115 static word wfromfloat(double x, int normalized)
124 double m = frexp(x, &exp);
125 word mm = (word) ldexp(m, 28);
130 if (normalized || exp < -91)
148 static word mem[4096];
150 static word rd(int addr)
152 word val = addr ? mem[addr] : 0;
154 printf("\tRD %04o = %c%012llo\n", addr, WF(val));
158 static void wr(int addr, word val)
160 assert(!(val & ~(WORD_MASK)));
162 printf("\tWR %04o = %c%012llo\n", addr, WF(val));
168 static void parse_error(char *msg)
171 error_hook("Parse error");
172 printf("Ошибка входа (стр. %d): %s\n", lino, msg);
176 static void parse_in(void)
181 while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), stdin))
184 char *eol = strchr(line, '\n');
186 parse_error("Строка слишком долгая");
188 if (eol > line && eol[-1] == '\r')
192 if (!c[0] || c[0] == ';')
194 if (!strncmp(c, ";daji_zor_i_litva=", 18))
198 error_hook("Secret tracing switch flipped");
210 for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
214 if (*c >= '0' && *c <= '7')
215 addr = 8*addr + *c++ - '0';
217 parse_error("Плохая цифра");
222 parse_error("Адрес слишком долгий");
230 parse_error("Плохой знак");
232 for (int i=0; i<12; i++)
236 if (*c >= '0' && *c <= '7')
237 w = 8*w + *c++ - '0';
239 parse_error("Плохая цифра");
244 parse_error("Номер слишком долгий");
251 static word r1, r2, current_ins;
252 static int ip = 00050; // Standard program start location
255 static void stop(char *reason, char *notice)
259 printf("Машина остановлена -- %s\n", reason);
260 printf("СчАК:%04o См:%c%012llo Р1:%c%012llo Р2:%c%012llo\n", prev_ip, WF(acc), WF(r1), WF(r2));
264 static void over(void)
266 stop("Аварийный останов", "Overflow");
269 static void notimp(void)
272 stop("Устройство разбитое", "Not implemented");
275 static void noins(void)
278 stop("Эту команду не знаю", "Illegal instruction");
281 static uint16_t linebuf[128];
283 static uint16_t russian_chars[64] = {
284 '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', // 0x
285 '8', '9', '+', '-', '/', ',', '.', ' ', // 1x
286 0x2169, '^', '(', ')', 0x00d7, '=', ';', '[', // 2x
287 ']', '*', '`', '\'', 0x2260, '<', '>', ':', // 3x
288 0x410, 0x411, 0x412, 0x413, 0x414, 0x415, 0x416, 0x417, // 4x
289 0x418, 0x419, 0x41a, 0x41b, 0x41c, 0x41d, 0x41e, 0x41f, // 5x
290 0x420, 0x421, 0x422, 0x423, 0x424, 0x425, 0x426, 0x427, // 6x
291 0x428, 0x429, 0x42b, 0x42c, 0x42d, 0x42e, 0x42f, 0x2013 // 7x
294 static uint16_t latin_chars[64] = {
295 '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', // 0x
296 '8', '9', '+', '-', '/', ',', '.', ' ', // 1x
297 0x2169, '^', '(', ')', 0x00d7, '=', ';', '[', // 2x
298 ']', '*', '`', '\'', 0x2260, '<', '>', ':', // 3x
299 'A', 'B', 'W', 'G', 'D', 'E', 'V', 'Z', // 4x
300 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', // 5x
301 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'F', 'H', 'C', ' ', // 6x
302 ' ', ' ', 'Y', 'X', ' ', ' ', 'Q', 0x2013 // 7x
305 static void print_line(int r)
308 * Meaning of bits of r:
309 * 0 = perform line feed
315 if (print_quota > 0 && !--print_quota)
316 stop("Бумага дошла - нужно ехать в Сибирь про новую", "Out of paper");
317 for (int i=0; i<128; i++)
326 putchar(0xc0 | (ch >> 6));
327 putchar(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
331 putchar(0xe0 | (ch >> 12));
332 putchar(0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3f));
333 putchar(0x80 | (ch & 0x3f));
338 memset(linebuf, 0, sizeof(linebuf));
346 static void print_ins(int x, int y)
350 int r = (x >> 9) & 7;
363 case 0: // Decimal float
364 fmt = "+dddddddx+xbd";
366 case 1: // Octal number
367 fmt = "+oooooooooooo";
369 case 2: // Decimal fixed
372 case 3: // Decimal unsigned
376 case 4: // One Russian symbol
379 case 5: // Russian text
382 case 6: // One Latin symbol
385 default: // Latin text
402 ch = (yy & (1ULL << bit)) ? '-' : '+';
406 ch = '0' + ((yy >> bit) & 1);
410 ch = '0' + ((yy >> bit) & 7);
414 ch = '0' + ((yy >> bit) & 15);
420 ch = russian_chars[(yy >> bit) & 077];
424 ch = latin_chars[(yy >> bit) & 077];
432 if (ch == '0' || ch == ' ')
438 pos = (pos+1) & 0177;
443 static void run(void)
452 int op = (w >> 30) & 0177; // Operation code
453 int ax = (w >> 28) & 3; // Address extensions not supported
454 int ix = (w >> 24) & 15; // Indexing
455 int x = (w >> 12) & 07777; // Operands (original form)
457 int xi=x, yi=y; // (indexed form)
459 printf("@%04o %c%02o %02o %04o %04o\n",
461 (w & SIGN_MASK) ? '-' : '+',
462 (int)((w >> 30) & 077),
463 (int)((w >> 24) & 077),
471 xi = (xi + (int)((i >> 12) & 07777)) & 07777;
472 yi = (yi + (int)(i & 07777)) & 07777;
474 printf("\tIndexing -> %04o %04o\n", xi, yi);
479 if (cpu_quota > 0 && !--cpu_quota)
480 stop("Тайм-аут", "CPU quota exceeded");
482 /* Arithmetic operations */
485 long long aa, bb, cc;
489 auto void afetch(void);
499 auto void astore(word result);
500 void astore(word result)
507 auto void astore_int(long long x);
508 void astore_int(long long x)
510 if (!int_in_range(x))
515 auto void astore_frac(double f);
516 void astore_frac(double f)
518 if (!frac_in_range(f))
520 astore(wfromfrac(f));
523 auto void astore_float(double f);
524 void astore_float(double f)
526 if (!float_in_range(f))
528 astore(wfromfloat(f, 0));
537 case 004 ... 007: // XOR
541 case 010 ... 013: // FIX addition
543 astore_int(wtoll(a) + wtoll(b));
545 case 014 ... 017: // FP addition
547 astore_float(wtofloat(a) + wtofloat(b));
549 case 020 ... 023: // FIX subtraction
551 astore_int(wtoll(a) - wtoll(b));
553 case 024 ... 027: // FP subtraction
555 astore_float(wtofloat(a) - wtofloat(b));
557 case 030 ... 033: // FIX multiplication
559 astore_frac(wtofrac(a) * wtofrac(b));
561 case 034 ... 037: // FP multiplication
563 astore_float(wtofloat(a) * wtofloat(b));
565 case 040 ... 043: // FIX division
571 astore_frac(ad / bd);
573 case 044 ... 047: // FP division
577 if (!bd || wexp(b) < -63)
579 astore_float(ad / bd);
581 case 050 ... 053: // FIX subtraction of abs values
583 astore_int(wabs(a) - wabs(b));
585 case 054 ... 057: // FP subtraction of abs values
587 astore_float(fabs(wtofloat(a)) - fabs(wtofloat(b)));
589 case 060 ... 063: // Shift logical
592 if (i <= -37 || i >= 37)
595 astore((a << i) & WORD_MASK);
599 case 064 ... 067: // Shift arithmetical
603 if (i <= -36 || i >= 36)
606 cc = (aa << i) & VAL_MASK;
609 astore((a & SIGN_MASK) | wfromll(cc));
611 case 070 ... 073: // And
615 case 074 ... 077: // Or
623 stop("Останов машины", "Halted");
624 case 0103: // I/O magtape
626 case 0104: // Disable rounding
628 case 0105: // Enable rounding
630 case 0106: // Interrupt control
632 case 0107: // Reverse tape
635 wr(yi, r1 = acc = rd(xi));
637 case 0111: // Move negative
638 wr(yi, acc = (r1 = rd(xi)) ^ SIGN_MASK);
640 case 0112: // Move absolute value
641 wr(yi, acc = (r1 = rd(xi)) & VAL_MASK);
643 case 0113: // Read from keyboard
645 case 0114: // Copy sign
646 wr(yi, acc = rd(yi) ^ ((r1 = rd(xi)) & SIGN_MASK));
648 case 0115: // Read code from R1 (obscure)
650 case 0116: // Copy exponent
651 wr(yi, acc = wputexp(rd(yi), wexp(r1 = rd(xi))));
653 case 0117: // I/O teletype
659 aa = (a >> 24) & 017777;
662 b = rd(y); // (a mountain range near Prague)
663 acc = ((aa-1) << 24) |
664 (((((a >> 12) & 07777) + (b >> 12) & 07777) & 07777) << 12) |
665 (((a & 07777) + (b & 07777)) & 07777);
673 case 0131: // Jump to subroutine
674 wr(y, acc = ((030ULL << 30) | ((ip & 07777ULL) << 12)));
677 case 0132: // Jump if positive
683 case 0133: // Jump if overflow
684 // Since we always trap on overflow, this instruction always jumps to the 1st address
687 case 0134: // Jump if zero
693 case 0135: // Jump if key pressed
694 // No keys are ever pressed, so always jump to 2nd
697 case 0136: // Interrupt masking
699 case 0137: // Used only when reading from tape
701 case 0140 ... 0147: // I/O
703 case 0150 ... 0154: // I/O
705 case 0160 ... 0161: // I/O
707 case 0162: // Printing
712 case 0170: // FIX multiplication, bottom part
714 if (wtofrac(a) * wtofrac(b) >= .1/(1ULL << 32))
716 acc = wfromll(((unsigned long long)wabs(a) * (unsigned long long)wabs(b)) & VAL_MASK);
717 // XXX: What should be the sign? The book does not define that.
730 case 0172: // Add exponents
733 i = wexp(a) + wexp(b);
734 if (i < -63 || i > 63)
739 case 0173: // Sub exponents
742 i = wexp(b) - wexp(a);
743 if (i < -63 || i > 63)
748 case 0174: // Addition in one's complement
755 // XXX: The effect on the accumulator is undocumented, but likely to be as follows:
758 case 0175: // Normalization
763 wr((yi+1) & 07777, 0);
771 while (!(a & (SIGN_MASK >> 1)))
778 wr((yi+1) & 07777, i);
781 case 0176: // Population count
784 for (int i=0; i<36; i++)
787 // XXX: Guessing that acc gets a copy of the result
796 printf("\tACC:%c%012llo R1:%c%012llo R2:%c%012llo\n", WF(acc), WF(r1), WF(r2));
800 /*** Daemon interface ***/
806 #include <sys/signal.h>
807 #include <sys/wait.h>
808 #include <sys/poll.h>
809 #include <sys/socket.h>
810 #include <netinet/in.h>
811 #include <arpa/inet.h>
814 #define DTRACE(msg, args...) fprintf(stderr, msg "\n", ##args)
815 #define DLOG(msg, args...) fprintf(stderr, msg "\n", ##args)
817 #define DTRACE(msg, args...) do { } while(0)
818 #define DLOG(msg, args...) syslog(LOG_INFO, msg, ##args)
821 #define MAX_CONNECTIONS 50 // Per daemon
822 #define MAX_CONNS_PER_IP 1 // Per IP
823 #define MAX_TRACKERS 200 // IP address trackers
824 #define TBF_MAX 5 // Max number of tokens in the bucket
825 #define TBF_REFILL_PER_SEC 0.2 // Bucket refill rate (buckets/sec)
827 #define PID_FILE "/var/run/pd-minsk.pid"
831 static void die(char *msg)
833 fprintf(stderr, "minsk: ");
834 fprintf(stderr, msg);
839 static char **spt_argv;
840 static char *spt_start, *spt_end;
842 static void setproctitle_init(int argc, char **argv)
845 char **env, **oldenv, *t;
849 /* Create a backup copy of environment */
852 for (i=0; oldenv[i]; i++)
853 len += strlen(oldenv[i]) + 1;
854 __environ = env = malloc(sizeof(char *)*(i+1));
856 if (!__environ || !t)
857 die("malloc failed");
858 for (i=0; oldenv[i]; i++)
861 len = strlen(oldenv[i]) + 1;
862 memcpy(t, oldenv[i], len);
867 /* Scan for consecutive free space */
868 spt_start = spt_end = argv[0];
869 for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
870 if (!i || spt_end+1 == argv[i])
871 spt_end = argv[i] + strlen(argv[i]);
872 for (i=0; oldenv[i]; i++)
873 if (spt_end+1 == oldenv[i])
874 spt_end = oldenv[i] + strlen(oldenv[i]);
878 setproctitle(const char *msg, ...)
885 if (spt_end > spt_start)
887 n = vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), msg, args);
888 if (n >= (int) sizeof(buf) || n < 0)
889 sprintf(buf, "<too-long>");
890 n = spt_end - spt_start;
891 strncpy(spt_start, buf, n);
893 spt_argv[0] = spt_start;
899 static void sigchld_handler(int sig __attribute__((unused)))
903 static void sigalrm_handler(int sig __attribute__((unused)))
905 const char err[] = "--- Timed out. Time machine disconnected. ---\n";
906 write(1, err, sizeof(err));
907 DLOG("Connection timed out");
911 static void child_error_hook(char *err)
913 DLOG("Stopped: %s", err);
916 static void child(int sk2)
922 struct sigaction sact = {
923 .sa_handler = sigalrm_handler,
925 if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sact, NULL) < 0)
926 die("sigaction: %m");
933 const char welcome[] = "+++ Welcome to our computer museum. +++\n+++ Our time machine will connect you to one of our exhibits. +++\n\n";
934 write(1, welcome, sizeof(welcome));
936 error_hook = child_error_hook;
946 struct tracker *tracker;
949 static struct conn connections[MAX_CONNECTIONS];
951 static struct conn *get_conn(struct in_addr *a)
953 for (int i=0; i<MAX_CONNECTIONS; i++)
955 struct conn *c = &connections[i];
958 memcpy(&c->addr, a, sizeof(struct in_addr));
965 static struct conn *pid_to_conn(pid_t pid)
967 for (int i=0; i<MAX_CONNECTIONS; i++)
969 struct conn *c = &connections[i];
976 static void put_conn(struct conn *c)
989 static struct tracker trackers[MAX_TRACKERS];
991 static int get_tracker(struct conn *c)
994 time_t now = time(NULL);
997 for (i=0; i<MAX_TRACKERS; i++)
1000 if (!memcmp(&t->addr, &c->addr, sizeof(struct in_addr)))
1003 if (i < MAX_TRACKERS)
1005 if (now > t->last_access)
1007 t->tokens += (now - t->last_access) * (double) TBF_REFILL_PER_SEC;
1008 t->last_access = now;
1009 if (t->tokens > TBF_MAX)
1010 t->tokens = TBF_MAX;
1012 DTRACE("TBF: Using tracker %d (%.3f tokens)", i, t->tokens);
1017 for (int i=0; i<MAX_TRACKERS; i++)
1020 if (!t->active_conns && (min_i < 0 || t->last_access < trackers[min_i].last_access))
1025 DLOG("TBF: Out of trackers!");
1028 t = &trackers[min_i];
1030 DTRACE("TBF: Recycling tracker %d", min_i);
1032 DTRACE("TBF: Creating tracker %d", min_i);
1033 memset(t, 0, sizeof(*t));
1035 t->last_access = now;
1036 t->tokens = TBF_MAX;
1039 if (t->active_conns >= MAX_CONNS_PER_IP)
1041 DTRACE("TBF: Too many conns per IP");
1045 if (t->tokens >= 0.999)
1050 DTRACE("TBF: Passed (%d conns)", t->active_conns);
1055 DTRACE("TBF: Failed");
1061 static void put_tracker(struct conn *c)
1063 struct tracker *t = c->tracker;
1066 DLOG("put_tracker: no tracker?");
1070 if (t->active_conns <= 0)
1072 DLOG("put_tracker: no counter?");
1077 DTRACE("TBF: Put tracker (%d conns remain)", t->active_conns);
1080 static void run_as_daemon(int do_fork)
1082 int sk = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
1087 if (setsockopt(sk, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &one, sizeof(one)) < 0)
1088 die("setsockopt: %m");
1090 struct sockaddr_in sa = {
1091 .sin_family = AF_INET,
1092 .sin_port = ntohs(1969),
1093 .sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY,
1095 if (bind(sk, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, sizeof(sa)) < 0)
1097 if (listen(sk, 128) < 0)
1099 // if (fcntl(sk, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) < 0)
1100 // die("fcntl: %m");
1109 FILE *f = fopen(PID_FILE, "w");
1112 fprintf(f, "%d\n", pid);
1119 setresgid(GID, GID, GID);
1120 setresuid(UID, UID, UID);
1124 struct sigaction sact = {
1125 .sa_handler = sigchld_handler,
1126 .sa_flags = SA_RESTART,
1128 if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sact, NULL) < 0)
1129 die("sigaction: %m");
1131 DLOG("Daemon ready");
1132 setproctitle("minsk: Listening");
1133 openlog("minsk", LOG_PID, LOG_LOCAL7);
1137 struct pollfd pfd[1] = {
1138 { .fd = sk, .events = POLLIN },
1141 int nfds = poll(pfd, 1, 60000);
1142 if (nfds < 0 && errno != EINTR)
1151 while ((pid = waitpid(-1, &status, WNOHANG)) > 0)
1153 if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status))
1154 DLOG("Process %d exited with strange status %x", pid, status);
1156 struct conn *conn = pid_to_conn(pid);
1159 DTRACE("Connection with PID %d exited", pid);
1164 DTRACE("PID %d exited, matching no connection", pid);
1167 if (!(pfd[0].revents & POLLIN))
1170 socklen_t salen = sizeof(sa);
1171 int sk2 = accept(sk, (struct sockaddr *) &sa, &salen);
1181 DTRACE("Got connection: fd=%d", sk2);
1183 struct conn *conn = get_conn(&sa.sin_addr);
1184 const char *reason = NULL;
1187 if (!get_tracker(conn))
1189 DLOG("Connection from %s dropped: Throttling", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1192 reason = "--- Sorry, but you are sending too many requests. Please slow down. ---\n";
1197 DLOG("Connection from %s dropped: Too many connections", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1198 reason = "--- Sorry, maximum number of connections exceeded. Please come later. ---\n";
1204 DLOG("fork failed: %m");
1213 DLOG("Accepted connection from %s", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1214 setproctitle("minsk: %s", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1219 DLOG("Sending error message to %s", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1220 setproctitle("minsk: %s ERR", inet_ntoa(sa.sin_addr));
1221 write(sk2, reason, strlen(reason));
1226 DTRACE("Created process %d", pid);
1233 static void init_memory(void)
1235 // For the contest, we fill the whole memory with -00 00 0000 0000 (HALT),
1236 // not +00 00 0000 0000 (NOP). Otherwise, an empty program would reveal
1237 // the location of the password :)
1238 for (int i=0; i<4096; i++)
1239 mem[i] = 01000000000000ULL;
1241 // Store the password
1243 mem[pos++] = 0574060565373;
1244 mem[pos++] = 0371741405340;
1245 mem[pos++] = 0534051524017;
1248 int main(int argc, char **argv)
1254 setproctitle_init(argc, argv);
1255 if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--daemon"))
1257 else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "--net"))
1259 else if (!strncmp(argv[1], "--trace=", 8))
1260 trace = atoi(argv[1] + 8);
1262 die("Usage: minsk [--daemon | --net]");