2 * The PCI Library -- Access to i386 I/O ports on Windows
4 * Copyright (c) 2004 Alexander Stock <stock.alexander@gmx.de>
5 * Copyright (c) 2006 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
6 * Copyright (c) 2021 Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
8 * Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
16 /* MSVC compiler provides I/O port intrinsics for both 32 and 64-bit modes. */
17 #pragma intrinsic(_outp)
18 #pragma intrinsic(_outpw)
19 #pragma intrinsic(_outpd)
20 #pragma intrinsic(_inp)
21 #pragma intrinsic(_inpw)
22 #pragma intrinsic(_inpd)
23 #elif defined(_WIN64) || defined(_UCRT)
25 * For other compilers I/O port intrinsics are available in <intrin.h> header
26 * file either as inline/external functions or macros. Beware that <intrin.h>
27 * names are different than MSVC intrinsics names and glibc function names.
28 * Usage of <intrin.h> is also the prefered way for 64-bit mode or when using
32 #define _outp(x,y) __outbyte(x,y)
33 #define _outpw(x,y) __outword(x,y)
34 #define _outpd(x,y) __outdword(x,y)
35 #define _inp(x) __inbyte(x)
36 #define _inpw(x) __inword(x)
37 #define _inpd(x) __indword(x)
38 #elif defined(__CRTDLL__) || (defined(__MSVCRT_VERSION__) && __MSVCRT_VERSION__ < 0x400)
40 * Old 32-bit CRTDLL library and pre-4.00 MSVCRT library do not provide I/O
41 * port functions. As these libraries exist only in 32-bit mode variant,
42 * implement I/O port functions via 32-bit inline assembly.
44 static inline int _outp(unsigned short port, int databyte)
46 asm volatile ("outb %b0, %w1" : : "a" (databyte), "Nd" (port));
49 static inline unsigned short _outpw(unsigned short port, unsigned short dataword)
51 asm volatile ("outw %w0, %w1" : : "a" (dataword), "Nd" (port));
54 static inline unsigned long _outpd(unsigned short port, unsigned long dataword)
56 asm volatile ("outl %0, %w1" : : "a" (dataword), "Nd" (port));
59 static inline int _inp(unsigned short port)
62 asm volatile ("inb %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
65 static inline unsigned short _inpw(unsigned short port)
68 asm volatile ("inw %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
71 static inline unsigned long _inpd(unsigned short port)
74 asm volatile ("inl %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
77 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)
79 * Old 32-bit MSVCRT (non-UCRT) library provides I/O port functions. Function
80 * prototypes are defined in <conio.h> header file but they are missing in
81 * some MinGW toolchains. So for GCC compiler define them manually.
85 int _outp(unsigned short port, int databyte);
86 unsigned short _outpw(unsigned short port, unsigned short dataword);
87 unsigned long _outpd(unsigned short port, unsigned long dataword);
88 int _inp(unsigned short port);
89 unsigned short _inpw(unsigned short port);
90 unsigned long _inpd(unsigned short port);
93 #define outb(x,y) _outp(y,x)
94 #define outw(x,y) _outpw(y,x)
95 #define outl(x,y) _outpd(y,x)
97 #define inb(x) _inp(x)
98 #define inw(x) _inpw(x)
99 #define inl(x) _inpd(x)
102 * Define __readeflags() for MSVC and GCC compilers.
103 * MSVC since version 14.00 included in WDK 6001 and since version 15.00
104 * included in VS 2008 provides __readeflags() intrinsic for both 32 and 64-bit
105 * modes. WDK 6001 defines macro __BUILDMACHINE__ to value WinDDK. VS 2008 does
106 * not define this macro at all. MSVC throws error if name of user defined
107 * function conflicts with some MSVC intrinsic.
108 * MSVC supports inline assembly via __asm keyword in 32-bit mode only.
109 * GCC version 4.9.0 and higher provides __builtin_ia32_readeflags_uXX()
110 * builtin for XX-mode.
112 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1500 || (_MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__BUILDMACHINE__)))
113 #pragma intrinsic(__readeflags)
114 #elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9) || (__GNUC__ > 4))
116 #define __readeflags() __builtin_ia32_readeflags_u64()
118 #define __readeflags() __builtin_ia32_readeflags_u32()
120 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)
121 static inline unsigned int
127 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
128 static inline unsigned
140 asm volatile ("pushf\n\tpop %0\n" : "=r" (eflags));
144 #error "Unsupported compiler"
147 /* Read IOPL of the current process, IOPL is stored in eflag bits [13:12]. */
148 #define read_iopl() ((__readeflags() >> 12) & 0x3)
150 /* Unfortunately i586-mingw32msvc toolchain does not provide this constant. */
151 #ifndef PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
152 #define PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION 0x1000
155 /* Unfortunately some toolchains do not provide this constant. */
156 #ifndef SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME
157 #define SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME TEXT("SeImpersonatePrivilege")
161 * These psapi functions are available in kernel32.dll library with K32 prefix
162 * on Windows 7 and higher systems. On older Windows systems these functions are
163 * available in psapi.dll libary without K32 prefix. So resolve pointers to
164 * these functions dynamically at runtime from the available system library.
165 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() is not available on Windows 2000 and
168 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *EnumProcessesProt)(DWORD *lpidProcess, DWORD cb, DWORD *cbNeeded);
169 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(HANDLE hProcess, LPWSTR lpImageFileName, DWORD nSize);
170 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetModuleFileNameExWProt)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE hModule, LPWSTR lpImageFileName, DWORD nSize);
173 * These aclapi functions are available in advapi.dll library on Windows NT 4.0
174 * and higher systems.
176 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetSecurityInfoProt)(HANDLE handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType, SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo, PSID *ppsidOwner, PSID *ppsidGroup, PACL *ppDacl, PACL *ppSacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *ppSecurityDescriptor);
177 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *SetSecurityInfoProt)(HANDLE handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType, SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo, PSID psidOwner, PSID psidGroup, PACL pDacl, PACL pSacl);
178 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *SetEntriesInAclProt)(ULONG cCountOfExplicitEntries, PEXPLICIT_ACCESS pListOfExplicitEntries, PACL OldAcl, PACL *NewAcl);
181 * This errhandlingapi function is available in kernel32.dll library on
182 * Windows 7 and higher systems.
184 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SetThreadErrorModeProt)(DWORD dwNewMode, LPDWORD lpOldMode);
187 * Unfortunately NtSetInformationProcess() function, ProcessUserModeIOPL
188 * constant and all other helpers for its usage are not specified in any
189 * standard WinAPI header file. So define all of required constants and types.
190 * Function NtSetInformationProcess() is available in ntdll.dll library on all
191 * Windows systems but marked as it can be removed in some future version.
194 #define NTSTATUS LONG
196 #ifndef STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
197 #define STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED (NTSTATUS)0xC0000002
199 #ifndef STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD
200 #define STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD (NTSTATUS)0xC0000061
202 #ifndef PROCESSINFOCLASS
203 #define PROCESSINFOCLASS DWORD
205 #ifndef ProcessUserModeIOPL
206 #define ProcessUserModeIOPL 16
208 typedef NTSTATUS (NTAPI *NtSetInformationProcessProt)(HANDLE ProcessHandle, PROCESSINFOCLASS ProcessInformationClass, PVOID ProcessInformation, ULONG ProcessInformationLength);
211 * Check if the current thread has particular privilege in current active access
212 * token. Case when it not possible to determinate it (e.g. current thread does
213 * not have permission to open its own current active access token) is evaluated
214 * as thread does not have that privilege.
217 have_privilege(LUID luid_privilege)
224 * If the current thread does not have active access token then thread
225 * uses primary process access token for all permission checks.
227 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, TRUE, &token) &&
228 (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN ||
229 !OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &token)))
232 priv.PrivilegeCount = 1;
233 priv.Control = PRIVILEGE_SET_ALL_NECESSARY;
234 priv.Privilege[0].Luid = luid_privilege;
235 priv.Privilege[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
237 if (!PrivilegeCheck(token, &priv, &ret))
244 * Enable or disable particular privilege in specified access token.
246 * Note that it is not possible to disable privilege in access token with
247 * SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT attribute. This function does not check
248 * this case and incorrectly returns no error even when disabling failed.
249 * Rationale for this decision: Simplification of this function as WinAPI
250 * call AdjustTokenPrivileges() does not signal error in this case too.
253 set_privilege(HANDLE token, LUID luid_privilege, BOOL enable)
255 TOKEN_PRIVILEGES token_privileges;
257 token_privileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
258 token_privileges.Privileges[0].Luid = luid_privilege;
259 token_privileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = enable ? SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : 0;
262 * WinAPI function AdjustTokenPrivileges() success also when not all
263 * privileges were enabled. It is always required to check for failure
264 * via GetLastError() call. AdjustTokenPrivileges() always sets error
265 * also when it success, as opposite to other WinAPI functions.
267 if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, FALSE, &token_privileges, sizeof(token_privileges), NULL, NULL) ||
268 GetLastError() != ERROR_SUCCESS)
275 * Change access token for the current thread to new specified access token.
276 * Previously active access token is stored in old_token variable and can be
277 * used for reverting to this access token. It is set to NULL if the current
278 * thread previously used primary process access token.
281 change_token(HANDLE new_token, HANDLE *old_token)
285 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &token))
287 if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN)
292 if (!ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(new_token))
304 * Change access token for the current thread to the primary process access
305 * token. This function fails also when the current thread already uses primary
306 * process access token.
309 change_token_to_primary(HANDLE *old_token)
313 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &token))
323 * Revert to the specified access token for the current thread. When access
324 * token is specified as NULL then revert to the primary process access token.
325 * Use to revert after change_token() or change_token_to_primary() call.
328 revert_to_token(HANDLE token)
331 * If SetThreadToken() call fails then there is no option to revert to
332 * the specified previous thread access token. So in this case revert to
333 * the primary process access token.
335 if (!token || !SetThreadToken(NULL, token))
342 * Enable particular privilege for the current thread. And set method how to
343 * revert this privilege (if to revert whole token or only privilege).
346 enable_privilege(LUID luid_privilege, HANDLE *revert_token, BOOL *revert_only_privilege)
351 if (OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, TRUE, &thread_token))
353 if (set_privilege(thread_token, luid_privilege, TRUE))
356 * Indicate that correct revert method is just to
357 * disable privilege in access token.
359 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
361 *revert_token = thread_token;
362 *revert_only_privilege = TRUE;
366 CloseHandle(thread_token);
370 CloseHandle(thread_token);
372 * If enabling privilege failed then try to enable it via
373 * primary process access token.
378 * If the current thread has already active thread access token then
379 * open it with just impersonate right as it would be used only for
382 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
384 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &thread_token))
386 if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN)
392 * If current thread has no access token (and uses primary
393 * process access token) or it does not have permission to
394 * adjust privileges or it does not have specified privilege
395 * then create a copy of the primary process access token,
396 * assign it for the current thread (= impersonate self)
397 * and then try adjusting privilege again.
399 if (!ImpersonateSelf(SecurityImpersonation))
402 CloseHandle(thread_token);
407 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, TRUE, &new_token))
409 /* thread_token is set only when we were asked for revert method. */
410 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
411 revert_to_token(thread_token);
415 if (!set_privilege(new_token, luid_privilege, TRUE))
417 CloseHandle(new_token);
418 /* thread_token is set only when we were asked for revert method. */
419 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
420 revert_to_token(thread_token);
425 * Indicate that correct revert method is to change to the previous
426 * access token. Either to the primary process access token or to the
427 * previous thread access token.
429 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
431 *revert_token = thread_token;
432 *revert_only_privilege = FALSE;
438 * Revert particular privilege for the current thread was previously enabled by
439 * enable_privilege() call. Either disable privilege in specified access token
440 * or revert to previous access token.
443 revert_privilege(LUID luid_privilege, HANDLE revert_token, BOOL revert_only_privilege)
445 if (revert_only_privilege)
447 set_privilege(revert_token, luid_privilege, FALSE);
448 CloseHandle(revert_token);
452 revert_to_token(revert_token);
457 * Return owner of the access token used by the current thread. Buffer for
458 * returned owner needs to be released by LocalFree() call.
461 get_current_token_owner(VOID)
468 * If the current thread does not have active access token then thread
469 * uses primary process access token for all permission checks.
471 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, TRUE, &token) &&
472 (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN ||
473 !OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &token)))
476 if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenOwner, NULL, 0, &length) &&
477 GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
484 owner = (TOKEN_OWNER *)LocalAlloc(LPTR, length);
491 if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenOwner, owner, length, &length))
494 * Length of token owner (SID) buffer between two get calls may
495 * changes (e.g. by another thread of process), so retry.
497 if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
512 * Grant particular permissions in the primary access token of the specified
513 * process for the owner of current thread token and set old DACL of the
514 * process access token for reverting permissions. Security descriptor is
515 * just memory buffer for old DACL.
518 grant_process_token_dacl_permissions(HANDLE process, DWORD permissions, HANDLE *token, PACL *old_dacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *security_descriptor)
520 GetSecurityInfoProt MyGetSecurityInfo;
521 SetSecurityInfoProt MySetSecurityInfo;
522 SetEntriesInAclProt MySetEntriesInAcl;
523 EXPLICIT_ACCESS explicit_access;
529 * This source file already uses advapi32.dll library, so it is
530 * linked to executable and automatically loaded when starting
531 * current running process.
533 advapi32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("advapi32.dll"));
538 * It does not matter if SetEntriesInAclA() or SetEntriesInAclW() is
539 * called as no string is passed to SetEntriesInAcl function.
541 MyGetSecurityInfo = (GetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "GetSecurityInfo");
542 MySetSecurityInfo = (SetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetSecurityInfo");
543 MySetEntriesInAcl = (SetEntriesInAclProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetEntriesInAclA");
544 if (!MyGetSecurityInfo || !MySetSecurityInfo || !MySetEntriesInAcl)
547 owner = get_current_token_owner();
552 * READ_CONTROL is required for GetSecurityInfo(DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
553 * and WRITE_DAC is required for SetSecurityInfo(DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION).
555 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC, token))
561 if (MyGetSecurityInfo(*token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, old_dacl, NULL, security_descriptor) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
569 * Set new explicit access for the owner of the current thread access
570 * token with non-inherited granting access to specified permissions.
572 explicit_access.grfAccessPermissions = permissions;
573 explicit_access.grfAccessMode = GRANT_ACCESS;
574 explicit_access.grfInheritance = NO_PROPAGATE_INHERIT_ACE;
575 explicit_access.Trustee.pMultipleTrustee = NULL;
576 explicit_access.Trustee.MultipleTrusteeOperation = NO_MULTIPLE_TRUSTEE;
577 explicit_access.Trustee.TrusteeForm = TRUSTEE_IS_SID;
578 explicit_access.Trustee.TrusteeType = TRUSTEE_IS_USER;
580 * Unfortunately i586-mingw32msvc toolchain does not have pSid pointer
581 * member in Trustee union. So assign owner SID to ptstrName pointer
582 * member which aliases with pSid pointer member in the same union.
584 explicit_access.Trustee.ptstrName = (PVOID)owner->Owner;
586 if (MySetEntriesInAcl(1, &explicit_access, *old_dacl, &new_dacl) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
588 LocalFree(*security_descriptor);
594 if (MySetSecurityInfo(*token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, new_dacl, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
596 LocalFree(*security_descriptor);
607 * Revert particular granted permissions in specified access token done by
608 * grant_process_token_dacl_permissions() call.
611 revert_token_dacl_permissions(HANDLE token, PACL old_dacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR security_descriptor)
613 SetSecurityInfoProt MySetSecurityInfo;
617 * This source file already uses advapi32.dll library, so it is
618 * linked to executable and automatically loaded when starting
619 * current running process.
621 advapi32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("advapi32.dll"));
624 MySetSecurityInfo = (SetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetSecurityInfo");
625 MySetSecurityInfo(token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, old_dacl, NULL);
628 LocalFree(security_descriptor);
633 * Change error mode of the current thread. If it is not possible then change
634 * error mode of the whole process. Always returns previous error mode.
637 change_error_mode(UINT new_mode)
639 SetThreadErrorModeProt MySetThreadErrorMode = NULL;
644 * Function SetThreadErrorMode() was introduced in Windows 7, so use
645 * GetProcAddress() for compatibility with older systems.
647 kernel32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll"));
649 MySetThreadErrorMode = (SetThreadErrorModeProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "SetThreadErrorMode");
651 if (MySetThreadErrorMode &&
652 MySetThreadErrorMode(new_mode, &old_mode))
656 * Fallback to function SetErrorMode() which modifies error mode of the
657 * whole process and returns old mode.
659 return SetErrorMode(new_mode);
663 * Open process handle specified by the process id with the query right and
664 * optionally also with vm read right.
667 open_process_for_query(DWORD pid, BOOL with_vm_read)
669 BOOL revert_only_privilege;
670 LUID luid_debug_privilege;
671 OSVERSIONINFO version;
677 * Some processes on Windows Vista and higher systems can be opened only
678 * with PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION right. This right is enough
679 * for accessing primary process token. But this right is not supported
680 * on older pre-Vista systems. When the current thread on these older
681 * systems does not have Debug privilege then OpenProcess() fails with
682 * ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED. If the current thread has Debug privilege then
683 * OpenProcess() success and returns handle to requested process.
684 * Problem is that this handle does not have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
685 * right and so cannot be used for accessing primary process token
686 * on those older systems. Moreover it has zero rights and therefore
687 * such handle is fully useless. So never try to use open process with
688 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION right on older systems than
689 * Windows Vista (NT 6.0).
691 version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(version);
692 if (GetVersionEx(&version) &&
693 version.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT &&
694 version.dwMajorVersion >= 6)
695 process_right = PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION;
697 process_right = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
700 process_right |= PROCESS_VM_READ;
702 process = OpenProcess(process_right, FALSE, pid);
707 * It is possible to open only processes to which owner of the current
708 * thread access token has permissions. For opening other processing it
709 * is required to have Debug privilege enabled. By default local
710 * administrators have this privilege, but it is disabled. So try to
711 * enable it and then try to open process again.
714 if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid_debug_privilege))
717 if (!enable_privilege(luid_debug_privilege, &revert_token, &revert_only_privilege))
720 process = OpenProcess(process_right, FALSE, pid);
722 revert_privilege(luid_debug_privilege, revert_token, revert_only_privilege);
728 * Check if process image path name (wide string) matches exe file name
729 * (7-bit ASCII string). Do case-insensitive string comparison. Process
730 * image path name can be in any namespace format (DOS, Win32, UNC, ...).
733 check_process_name(LPCWSTR path, DWORD path_length, LPCSTR exe_file)
735 DWORD exe_file_length;
741 while (exe_file[exe_file_length] != '\0')
744 /* Path must have backslash before exe file name. */
745 if (exe_file_length >= path_length ||
746 path[path_length-exe_file_length-1] != L'\\')
749 for (i = 0; i < exe_file_length; i++)
751 c1 = path[path_length-exe_file_length+i];
754 * Input string for comparison is 7-bit ASCII and file name part
755 * of path must not contain backslash as it is path separator.
757 if (c1 >= 0x80 || c2 >= 0x80 || c1 == L'\\')
759 if (c1 >= L'a' && c1 <= L'z')
761 if (c2 >= 'a' && c2 <= 'z')
770 /* Open process handle with the query right specified by process exe file. */
772 find_and_open_process_for_query(LPCSTR exe_file)
774 GetProcessImageFileNameWProt MyGetProcessImageFileNameW;
775 GetModuleFileNameExWProt MyGetModuleFileNameExW;
776 EnumProcessesProt MyEnumProcesses;
777 HMODULE kernel32, psapi;
778 UINT prev_error_mode;
790 kernel32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll"));
795 * On Windows 7 and higher systems these functions are available in
796 * kernel32.dll library with K32 prefix.
798 MyGetModuleFileNameExW = NULL;
799 MyGetProcessImageFileNameW = (GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "K32GetProcessImageFileNameW");
800 MyEnumProcesses = (EnumProcessesProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "K32EnumProcesses");
801 if (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW || !MyEnumProcesses)
804 * On older NT-based systems these functions are available in
805 * psapi.dll library without K32 prefix.
807 prev_error_mode = change_error_mode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
808 psapi = LoadLibrary(TEXT("psapi.dll"));
809 change_error_mode(prev_error_mode);
815 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() is available in
816 * Windows XP and higher systems. On older versions is
817 * available function GetModuleFileNameExW().
819 MyGetProcessImageFileNameW = (GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "GetProcessImageFileNameW");
820 MyGetModuleFileNameExW = (GetModuleFileNameExWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "GetModuleFileNameExW");
821 MyEnumProcesses = (EnumProcessesProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "EnumProcesses");
822 if ((!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && !MyGetModuleFileNameExW) || !MyEnumProcesses)
829 /* Make initial buffer size for 1024 processes. */
830 size = 1024 * sizeof(*processes);
833 processes = (DWORD *)LocalAlloc(LPTR, size);
841 if (!MyEnumProcesses(processes, size, &length))
843 LocalFree(processes);
848 else if (size == length)
851 * There is no indication given when the buffer is too small to
852 * store all process identifiers. Therefore if returned length
853 * is same as buffer size there can be more processes. Call
854 * again with larger buffer.
856 LocalFree(processes);
862 count = length / sizeof(*processes);
864 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
866 /* Skip System Idle Process. */
867 if (processes[i] == 0)
871 * Function GetModuleFileNameExW() requires additional
872 * PROCESS_VM_READ right as opposite to function
873 * GetProcessImageFileNameW() which does not need it.
875 process = open_process_for_query(processes[i], MyGetProcessImageFileNameW ? FALSE : TRUE);
880 * Set initial buffer size to 256 (wide) characters.
881 * Final path length on the modern NT-based systems can be also larger.
884 found_process = FALSE;
888 path = (LPWSTR)LocalAlloc(LPTR, size * sizeof(*path));
892 if (MyGetProcessImageFileNameW)
893 length = MyGetProcessImageFileNameW(process, path, size);
895 length = MyGetModuleFileNameExW(process, NULL, path, size);
897 error = GetLastError();
900 * GetModuleFileNameEx() returns zero and signal error ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY
901 * when remote process is in the middle of updating its module table.
902 * Sleep 10 ms and try again, max 10 attempts.
904 if (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW)
906 if (length == 0 && error == ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY && partial_retry++ < 10)
915 * When buffer is too small then function GetModuleFileNameEx() returns
916 * its size argument on older systems (Windows XP) or its size minus
917 * argument one on new systems (Windows 10) without signalling any error.
918 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() on the other hand returns zero
919 * value and signals error ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER. So in all these
920 * cases call function again with larger buffer.
923 if (MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && length == 0 && error != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
926 if ((MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && length == 0) ||
927 (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && (length == size || length == size-1)))
934 if (length && check_process_name(path, length, exe_file))
935 found_process = TRUE;
947 CloseHandle(process);
951 LocalFree(processes);
960 * Try to open primary access token of the particular process with specified
961 * rights. Before opening access token try to adjust DACL permissions of the
962 * primary process access token, so following open does not fail on error
963 * related to no open permissions. Revert DACL permissions after open attempt.
964 * As following steps are not atomic, try to execute them more times in case
965 * of possible race conditions caused by other threads or processes.
968 try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(HANDLE process, DWORD rights)
970 PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR security_descriptor;
978 * This code is not atomic. Between grant and open calls can other
979 * thread or process change or revert permissions. So try to execute
982 for (retry = 0; retry < 10; retry++)
984 if (!grant_process_token_dacl_permissions(process, rights, &grant_token, &old_dacl, &security_descriptor))
986 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
989 error = GetLastError();
991 revert_token_dacl_permissions(grant_token, old_dacl, security_descriptor);
994 else if (error != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
1002 * Open primary access token of particular process handle with specified rights.
1003 * If permissions for specified rights are missing then try to grant them.
1006 open_process_token_with_rights(HANDLE process, DWORD rights)
1011 /* First try to open primary access token of process handle directly. */
1012 if (OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
1016 * If opening failed then it means that owner of the current thread
1017 * access token does not have permission for it. Try it again with
1018 * primary process access token.
1020 if (change_token_to_primary(&old_token))
1022 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
1024 revert_to_token(old_token);
1030 * If opening is still failing then try to grant specified permissions
1031 * for the current thread and try to open it again.
1033 token = try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(process, rights);
1038 * And if it is still failing then try it again with granting
1039 * permissions for the primary process token of the current process.
1041 if (change_token_to_primary(&old_token))
1043 token = try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(process, rights);
1044 revert_to_token(old_token);
1050 * TODO: Sorry, no other option for now...
1051 * It could be possible to use Take Ownership Name privilege to
1052 * temporary change token owner of specified process to the owner of
1053 * the current thread token, grant permissions for current thread in
1054 * that process token, change ownership back to original one, open
1055 * that process token and revert granted permissions. But this is
1056 * not implemented yet.
1062 * Set x86 I/O Privilege Level to 3 for the whole current NT process. Do it via
1063 * NtSetInformationProcess() call with ProcessUserModeIOPL information class,
1064 * which is supported by 32-bit Windows NT kernel versions and requires Tcb
1068 SetProcessUserModeIOPL(VOID)
1070 NtSetInformationProcessProt MyNtSetInformationProcess;
1072 LUID luid_tcb_privilege;
1073 LUID luid_impersonate_privilege;
1075 HANDLE revert_token_tcb_privilege;
1076 BOOL revert_only_tcb_privilege;
1078 HANDLE revert_token_impersonate_privilege;
1079 BOOL revert_only_impersonate_privilege;
1081 BOOL impersonate_privilege_enabled;
1083 BOOL revert_to_old_token;
1086 HANDLE lsass_process;
1089 UINT prev_error_mode;
1094 impersonate_privilege_enabled = FALSE;
1095 revert_to_old_token = FALSE;
1099 /* Fast path when ProcessUserModeIOPL was already called. */
1100 if (read_iopl() == 3)
1104 * Load ntdll.dll library with disabled critical-error-handler message box.
1105 * It means that NT kernel does not show unwanted GUI message box to user
1106 * when LoadLibrary() function fails.
1108 prev_error_mode = change_error_mode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
1109 ntdll = LoadLibrary(TEXT("ntdll.dll"));
1110 change_error_mode(prev_error_mode);
1112 goto err_not_implemented;
1114 /* Retrieve pointer to NtSetInformationProcess() function. */
1115 MyNtSetInformationProcess = (NtSetInformationProcessProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtSetInformationProcess");
1116 if (!MyNtSetInformationProcess)
1117 goto err_not_implemented;
1120 * ProcessUserModeIOPL is syscall for NT kernel to change x86 IOPL
1121 * of the current running process to 3.
1123 * Process handle argument for ProcessUserModeIOPL is ignored and
1124 * IOPL is always changed for the current running process. So pass
1125 * GetCurrentProcess() handle for documentation purpose. Process
1126 * information buffer and length are unused for ProcessUserModeIOPL.
1128 * ProcessUserModeIOPL may success (return value >= 0) or may fail
1129 * because it is not implemented or because of missing privilege.
1130 * Other errors are not defined, so handle them as unknown.
1132 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1135 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1136 goto err_not_implemented;
1137 else if (nt_status != STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1141 * If ProcessUserModeIOPL call failed with STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD
1142 * error then it means that the current thread token does not have
1143 * Tcb privilege enabled. Try to enable it.
1146 if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_TCB_NAME, &luid_tcb_privilege))
1147 goto err_not_implemented;
1150 * If the current thread has already Tcb privilege enabled then there
1151 * is some additional unhanded restriction.
1153 if (have_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege))
1154 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1156 /* Try to enable Tcb privilege and try ProcessUserModeIOPL call again. */
1157 if (enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, &revert_token_tcb_privilege, &revert_only_tcb_privilege))
1159 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1160 revert_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, revert_token_tcb_privilege, revert_only_tcb_privilege);
1163 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1164 goto err_not_implemented;
1165 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1166 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1172 * If enabling of Tcb privilege failed then it means that current thread
1173 * does not this privilege. But current process may have it. So try it
1174 * again with primary process access token.
1178 * If system supports Impersonate privilege (Windows 2000 SP4 or higher) then
1179 * all future actions in this function require this Impersonate privilege.
1180 * So try to enable it in case it is currently disabled.
1182 if (LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME, &luid_impersonate_privilege) &&
1183 !have_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege))
1186 * If current thread does not have Impersonate privilege enabled
1187 * then first try to enable it just for the current thread. If
1188 * it is not possible to enable it just for the current thread
1189 * then try it to enable globally for whole process (which
1190 * affects all process threads). Both actions will be reverted
1191 * at the end of this function.
1193 if (enable_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, &revert_token_impersonate_privilege, &revert_only_impersonate_privilege))
1195 impersonate_privilege_enabled = TRUE;
1197 else if (enable_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, NULL, NULL))
1199 impersonate_privilege_enabled = TRUE;
1200 revert_token_impersonate_privilege = NULL;
1201 revert_only_impersonate_privilege = TRUE;
1205 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1209 * Now when Impersonate privilege is enabled, try to enable Tcb
1210 * privilege again. Enabling other privileges for the current
1211 * thread requires Impersonate privilege, so enabling Tcb again
1214 if (enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, &revert_token_tcb_privilege, &revert_only_tcb_privilege))
1216 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1217 revert_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, revert_token_tcb_privilege, revert_only_tcb_privilege);
1220 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1221 goto err_not_implemented;
1222 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1223 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1230 * If enabling Tcb privilege failed then it means that the current
1231 * thread access token does not have this privilege or does not
1232 * have permission to adjust privileges.
1234 * Try to use more privileged token from Local Security Authority
1235 * Subsystem Service process (lsass.exe) which has Tcb privilege.
1236 * Retrieving this more privileged token is possible for local
1237 * administrators (unless it was disabled by local administrators).
1240 lsass_process = find_and_open_process_for_query("lsass.exe");
1242 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1245 * Open primary lsass.exe process access token with query and duplicate
1246 * rights. Just these two rights are required for impersonating other
1247 * primary process token (impersonate right is really not required!).
1249 lsass_token = open_process_token_with_rights(lsass_process, TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
1251 CloseHandle(lsass_process);
1254 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1257 * After successful open of the primary lsass.exe process access token,
1258 * assign its copy for the current thread.
1260 if (!change_token(lsass_token, &old_token))
1261 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1263 revert_to_old_token = TRUE;
1265 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1266 if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1269 * Now current thread is not using primary process token anymore
1270 * but is using custom access token. There is no need to revert
1271 * enabled Tcb privilege as the whole custom access token would
1272 * be reverted. So there is no need to setup revert method for
1273 * enabling privilege.
1275 if (have_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege) ||
1276 !enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, NULL, NULL))
1277 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1278 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1282 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1283 goto err_not_implemented;
1284 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1285 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1291 * Some Windows NT kernel versions (e.g. Windows 2003 x64) do not
1292 * implement ProcessUserModeIOPL syscall at all but incorrectly
1293 * returns success when it is called by user process. So always
1294 * after this call verify that IOPL is set to 3.
1296 if (read_iopl() != 3)
1297 goto err_not_implemented;
1301 err_not_implemented:
1302 SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION);
1306 err_privilege_not_held:
1307 SetLastError(ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD);
1312 SetLastError(ERROR_GEN_FAILURE);
1317 if (revert_to_old_token)
1318 revert_to_token(old_token);
1320 if (impersonate_privilege_enabled)
1321 revert_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, revert_token_impersonate_privilege, revert_only_impersonate_privilege);
1324 CloseHandle(lsass_token);
1333 intel_setup_io(struct pci_access *a)
1336 /* 16/32-bit non-NT systems allow applications to access PCI I/O ports without any special setup. */
1337 OSVERSIONINFOA version;
1338 version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(version);
1339 if (GetVersionExA(&version) && version.dwPlatformId < VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
1341 a->debug("Detected 16/32-bit non-NT system, skipping NT setup...");
1346 /* On NT-based systems issue ProcessUserModeIOPL syscall which changes IOPL to 3. */
1347 if (!SetProcessUserModeIOPL())
1349 a->warning("NT ProcessUserModeIOPL call failed with error: %lu.", (unsigned long int)GetLastError());
1353 a->debug("NT ProcessUserModeIOPL call succeeded...");
1358 intel_cleanup_io(struct pci_access *a UNUSED)
1361 * 16/32-bit non-NT systems do not use any special setup and on NT-based
1362 * systems ProcessUserModeIOPL permanently changes IOPL to 3 for the current
1363 * NT process, no revert for current process is possible.
1367 static inline void intel_io_lock(void)
1371 static inline void intel_io_unlock(void)