2 * The PCI Library -- Access to i386 I/O ports on Windows
4 * Copyright (c) 2004 Alexander Stock <stock.alexander@gmx.de>
5 * Copyright (c) 2006 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
6 * Copyright (c) 2021 Pali Rohár <pali@kernel.org>
8 * Can be freely distributed and used under the terms of the GNU GPL.
16 /* MSVC compiler provides I/O port intrinsics for both 32 and 64-bit modes. */
17 #pragma intrinsic(_outp)
18 #pragma intrinsic(_outpw)
19 #pragma intrinsic(_outpd)
20 #pragma intrinsic(_inp)
21 #pragma intrinsic(_inpw)
22 #pragma intrinsic(_inpd)
23 #elif defined(_WIN64) || defined(_UCRT)
25 * For other compilers I/O port intrinsics are available in <intrin.h> header
26 * file either as inline/external functions or macros. Beware that <intrin.h>
27 * names are different than MSVC intrinsics names and glibc function names.
28 * Usage of <intrin.h> is also the prefered way for 64-bit mode or when using
32 #define _outp(x,y) __outbyte(x,y)
33 #define _outpw(x,y) __outword(x,y)
34 #define _outpd(x,y) __outdword(x,y)
35 #define _inp(x) __inbyte(x)
36 #define _inpw(x) __inword(x)
37 #define _inpd(x) __indword(x)
38 #elif defined(__CRTDLL__) || (defined(__MSVCRT_VERSION__) && __MSVCRT_VERSION__ < 0x400)
40 * Old 32-bit CRTDLL library and pre-4.00 MSVCRT library do not provide I/O
41 * port functions. As these libraries exist only in 32-bit mode variant,
42 * implement I/O port functions via 32-bit inline assembly.
44 static inline int _outp(unsigned short port, int databyte)
46 asm volatile ("outb %b0, %w1" : : "a" (databyte), "Nd" (port));
49 static inline unsigned short _outpw(unsigned short port, unsigned short dataword)
51 asm volatile ("outw %w0, %w1" : : "a" (dataword), "Nd" (port));
54 static inline unsigned long _outpd(unsigned short port, unsigned long dataword)
56 asm volatile ("outl %0, %w1" : : "a" (dataword), "Nd" (port));
59 static inline int _inp(unsigned short port)
62 asm volatile ("inb %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
65 static inline unsigned short _inpw(unsigned short port)
68 asm volatile ("inw %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
71 static inline unsigned long _inpd(unsigned short port)
74 asm volatile ("inl %w1, %0" : "=a" (ret) : "Nd" (port));
77 #elif !defined(__GNUC__)
79 * Old 32-bit MSVCRT (non-UCRT) library provides I/O port functions. Function
80 * prototypes are defined in <conio.h> header file but they are missing in
81 * some MinGW toolchains. So for GCC compiler define them manually.
85 int _outp(unsigned short port, int databyte);
86 unsigned short _outpw(unsigned short port, unsigned short dataword);
87 unsigned long _outpd(unsigned short port, unsigned long dataword);
88 int _inp(unsigned short port);
89 unsigned short _inpw(unsigned short port);
90 unsigned long _inpd(unsigned short port);
93 #define outb(x,y) _outp(y,x)
94 #define outw(x,y) _outpw(y,x)
95 #define outl(x,y) _outpd(y,x)
97 #define inb(x) _inp(x)
98 #define inw(x) _inpw(x)
99 #define inl(x) _inpd(x)
102 * Define __readeflags() for MSVC and GCC compilers.
103 * MSVC since version 14.00 included in WDK 6001 and since version 15.00
104 * included in VS 2008 provides __readeflags() intrinsic for both 32 and 64-bit
105 * modes. WDK 6001 defines macro __BUILDMACHINE__ to value WinDDK. VS 2008 does
106 * not define this macro at all. MSVC throws error if name of user defined
107 * function conflicts with some MSVC intrinsic.
108 * MSVC supports inline assembly via __asm keyword in 32-bit mode only.
109 * GCC version 4.9.0 and higher provides __builtin_ia32_readeflags_uXX()
110 * builtin for XX-mode. This builtin is also available as __readeflags()
111 * function indirectly via <x86intrin.h> header file.
113 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1500 || (_MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(__BUILDMACHINE__)))
114 #pragma intrinsic(__readeflags)
115 #elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 9) || (__GNUC__ > 4))
116 #include <x86intrin.h>
117 #elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)
118 static inline unsigned int
124 #elif defined(__GNUC__)
125 static inline unsigned
137 asm volatile ("pushf\n\tpop %0\n" : "=r" (eflags));
141 #error "Unsupported compiler"
144 /* Read IOPL of the current process, IOPL is stored in eflag bits [13:12]. */
145 #define read_iopl() ((__readeflags() >> 12) & 0x3)
147 /* Unfortunately i586-mingw32msvc toolchain does not provide this constant. */
148 #ifndef PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
149 #define PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION 0x1000
152 /* Unfortunately some toolchains do not provide this constant. */
153 #ifndef SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME
154 #define SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME TEXT("SeImpersonatePrivilege")
158 * These psapi functions are available in kernel32.dll library with K32 prefix
159 * on Windows 7 and higher systems. On older Windows systems these functions are
160 * available in psapi.dll libary without K32 prefix. So resolve pointers to
161 * these functions dynamically at runtime from the available system library.
162 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() is not available on Windows 2000 and
165 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *EnumProcessesProt)(DWORD *lpidProcess, DWORD cb, DWORD *cbNeeded);
166 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(HANDLE hProcess, LPWSTR lpImageFileName, DWORD nSize);
167 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetModuleFileNameExWProt)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE hModule, LPWSTR lpImageFileName, DWORD nSize);
170 * These aclapi functions are available in advapi.dll library on Windows NT 4.0
171 * and higher systems.
173 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *GetSecurityInfoProt)(HANDLE handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType, SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo, PSID *ppsidOwner, PSID *ppsidGroup, PACL *ppDacl, PACL *ppSacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *ppSecurityDescriptor);
174 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *SetSecurityInfoProt)(HANDLE handle, SE_OBJECT_TYPE ObjectType, SECURITY_INFORMATION SecurityInfo, PSID psidOwner, PSID psidGroup, PACL pDacl, PACL pSacl);
175 typedef DWORD (WINAPI *SetEntriesInAclProt)(ULONG cCountOfExplicitEntries, PEXPLICIT_ACCESS pListOfExplicitEntries, PACL OldAcl, PACL *NewAcl);
178 * This errhandlingapi function is available in kernel32.dll library on
179 * Windows 7 and higher systems.
181 typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SetThreadErrorModeProt)(DWORD dwNewMode, LPDWORD lpOldMode);
184 * Unfortunately NtSetInformationProcess() function, ProcessUserModeIOPL
185 * constant and all other helpers for its usage are not specified in any
186 * standard WinAPI header file. So define all of required constants and types.
187 * Function NtSetInformationProcess() is available in ntdll.dll library on all
188 * Windows systems but marked as it can be removed in some future version.
191 #define NTSTATUS LONG
193 #ifndef STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED
194 #define STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED (NTSTATUS)0xC0000002
196 #ifndef STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD
197 #define STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD (NTSTATUS)0xC0000061
199 #ifndef PROCESSINFOCLASS
200 #define PROCESSINFOCLASS DWORD
202 #ifndef ProcessUserModeIOPL
203 #define ProcessUserModeIOPL 16
205 typedef NTSTATUS (NTAPI *NtSetInformationProcessProt)(HANDLE ProcessHandle, PROCESSINFOCLASS ProcessInformationClass, PVOID ProcessInformation, ULONG ProcessInformationLength);
208 * Check if the current thread has particular privilege in current active access
209 * token. Case when it not possible to determinate it (e.g. current thread does
210 * not have permission to open its own current active access token) is evaluated
211 * as thread does not have that privilege.
214 have_privilege(LUID luid_privilege)
221 * If the current thread does not have active access token then thread
222 * uses primary process access token for all permission checks.
224 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, TRUE, &token) &&
225 (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN ||
226 !OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &token)))
229 priv.PrivilegeCount = 1;
230 priv.Control = PRIVILEGE_SET_ALL_NECESSARY;
231 priv.Privilege[0].Luid = luid_privilege;
232 priv.Privilege[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
234 if (!PrivilegeCheck(token, &priv, &ret))
241 * Enable or disable particular privilege in specified access token.
243 * Note that it is not possible to disable privilege in access token with
244 * SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT attribute. This function does not check
245 * this case and incorrectly returns no error even when disabling failed.
246 * Rationale for this decision: Simplification of this function as WinAPI
247 * call AdjustTokenPrivileges() does not signal error in this case too.
250 set_privilege(HANDLE token, LUID luid_privilege, BOOL enable)
252 TOKEN_PRIVILEGES token_privileges;
254 token_privileges.PrivilegeCount = 1;
255 token_privileges.Privileges[0].Luid = luid_privilege;
256 token_privileges.Privileges[0].Attributes = enable ? SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED : 0;
259 * WinAPI function AdjustTokenPrivileges() success also when not all
260 * privileges were enabled. It is always required to check for failure
261 * via GetLastError() call. AdjustTokenPrivileges() always sets error
262 * also when it success, as opposite to other WinAPI functions.
264 if (!AdjustTokenPrivileges(token, FALSE, &token_privileges, sizeof(token_privileges), NULL, NULL) ||
265 GetLastError() != ERROR_SUCCESS)
272 * Change access token for the current thread to new specified access token.
273 * Previously active access token is stored in old_token variable and can be
274 * used for reverting to this access token. It is set to NULL if the current
275 * thread previously used primary process access token.
278 change_token(HANDLE new_token, HANDLE *old_token)
282 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &token))
284 if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN)
289 if (!ImpersonateLoggedOnUser(new_token))
301 * Change access token for the current thread to the primary process access
302 * token. This function fails also when the current thread already uses primary
303 * process access token.
306 change_token_to_primary(HANDLE *old_token)
310 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &token))
320 * Revert to the specified access token for the current thread. When access
321 * token is specified as NULL then revert to the primary process access token.
322 * Use to revert after change_token() or change_token_to_primary() call.
325 revert_to_token(HANDLE token)
328 * If SetThreadToken() call fails then there is no option to revert to
329 * the specified previous thread access token. So in this case revert to
330 * the primary process access token.
332 if (!token || !SetThreadToken(NULL, token))
339 * Enable particular privilege for the current thread. And set method how to
340 * revert this privilege (if to revert whole token or only privilege).
343 enable_privilege(LUID luid_privilege, HANDLE *revert_token, BOOL *revert_only_privilege)
348 if (OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, TRUE, &thread_token))
350 if (set_privilege(thread_token, luid_privilege, TRUE))
353 * Indicate that correct revert method is just to
354 * disable privilege in access token.
356 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
358 *revert_token = thread_token;
359 *revert_only_privilege = TRUE;
363 CloseHandle(thread_token);
367 CloseHandle(thread_token);
369 * If enabling privilege failed then try to enable it via
370 * primary process access token.
375 * If the current thread has already active thread access token then
376 * open it with just impersonate right as it would be used only for
379 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
381 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_IMPERSONATE, TRUE, &thread_token))
383 if (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN)
389 * If current thread has no access token (and uses primary
390 * process access token) or it does not have permission to
391 * adjust privileges or it does not have specified privilege
392 * then create a copy of the primary process access token,
393 * assign it for the current thread (= impersonate self)
394 * and then try adjusting privilege again.
396 if (!ImpersonateSelf(SecurityImpersonation))
399 CloseHandle(thread_token);
404 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES, TRUE, &new_token))
406 /* thread_token is set only when we were asked for revert method. */
407 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
408 revert_to_token(thread_token);
412 if (!set_privilege(new_token, luid_privilege, TRUE))
414 CloseHandle(new_token);
415 /* thread_token is set only when we were asked for revert method. */
416 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
417 revert_to_token(thread_token);
422 * Indicate that correct revert method is to change to the previous
423 * access token. Either to the primary process access token or to the
424 * previous thread access token.
426 if (revert_token && revert_only_privilege)
428 *revert_token = thread_token;
429 *revert_only_privilege = FALSE;
435 * Revert particular privilege for the current thread was previously enabled by
436 * enable_privilege() call. Either disable privilege in specified access token
437 * or revert to previous access token.
440 revert_privilege(LUID luid_privilege, HANDLE revert_token, BOOL revert_only_privilege)
442 if (revert_only_privilege)
444 set_privilege(revert_token, luid_privilege, FALSE);
445 CloseHandle(revert_token);
449 revert_to_token(revert_token);
454 * Return owner of the access token used by the current thread. Buffer for
455 * returned owner needs to be released by LocalFree() call.
458 get_current_token_owner(VOID)
465 * If the current thread does not have active access token then thread
466 * uses primary process access token for all permission checks.
468 if (!OpenThreadToken(GetCurrentThread(), TOKEN_QUERY, TRUE, &token) &&
469 (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_TOKEN ||
470 !OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_QUERY, &token)))
473 if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenOwner, NULL, 0, &length) &&
474 GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
481 owner = (TOKEN_OWNER *)LocalAlloc(LPTR, length);
488 if (!GetTokenInformation(token, TokenOwner, owner, length, &length))
491 * Length of token owner (SID) buffer between two get calls may
492 * changes (e.g. by another thread of process), so retry.
494 if (GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
509 * Grant particular permissions in the primary access token of the specified
510 * process for the owner of current thread token and set old DACL of the
511 * process access token for reverting permissions. Security descriptor is
512 * just memory buffer for old DACL.
515 grant_process_token_dacl_permissions(HANDLE process, DWORD permissions, HANDLE *token, PACL *old_dacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR *security_descriptor)
517 GetSecurityInfoProt MyGetSecurityInfo;
518 SetSecurityInfoProt MySetSecurityInfo;
519 SetEntriesInAclProt MySetEntriesInAcl;
520 EXPLICIT_ACCESS explicit_access;
526 * This source file already uses advapi32.dll library, so it is
527 * linked to executable and automatically loaded when starting
528 * current running process.
530 advapi32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("advapi32.dll"));
535 * It does not matter if SetEntriesInAclA() or SetEntriesInAclW() is
536 * called as no string is passed to SetEntriesInAcl function.
538 MyGetSecurityInfo = (GetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "GetSecurityInfo");
539 MySetSecurityInfo = (SetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetSecurityInfo");
540 MySetEntriesInAcl = (SetEntriesInAclProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetEntriesInAclA");
541 if (!MyGetSecurityInfo || !MySetSecurityInfo || !MySetEntriesInAcl)
544 owner = get_current_token_owner();
549 * READ_CONTROL is required for GetSecurityInfo(DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
550 * and WRITE_DAC is required for SetSecurityInfo(DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION).
552 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, READ_CONTROL | WRITE_DAC, token))
558 if (MyGetSecurityInfo(*token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, old_dacl, NULL, security_descriptor) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
566 * Set new explicit access for the owner of the current thread access
567 * token with non-inherited granting access to specified permissions.
569 explicit_access.grfAccessPermissions = permissions;
570 explicit_access.grfAccessMode = GRANT_ACCESS;
571 explicit_access.grfInheritance = NO_PROPAGATE_INHERIT_ACE;
572 explicit_access.Trustee.pMultipleTrustee = NULL;
573 explicit_access.Trustee.MultipleTrusteeOperation = NO_MULTIPLE_TRUSTEE;
574 explicit_access.Trustee.TrusteeForm = TRUSTEE_IS_SID;
575 explicit_access.Trustee.TrusteeType = TRUSTEE_IS_USER;
577 * Unfortunately i586-mingw32msvc toolchain does not have pSid pointer
578 * member in Trustee union. So assign owner SID to ptstrName pointer
579 * member which aliases with pSid pointer member in the same union.
581 explicit_access.Trustee.ptstrName = (PVOID)owner->Owner;
583 if (MySetEntriesInAcl(1, &explicit_access, *old_dacl, &new_dacl) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
585 LocalFree(*security_descriptor);
591 if (MySetSecurityInfo(*token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, new_dacl, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
593 LocalFree(*security_descriptor);
604 * Revert particular granted permissions in specified access token done by
605 * grant_process_token_dacl_permissions() call.
608 revert_token_dacl_permissions(HANDLE token, PACL old_dacl, PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR security_descriptor)
610 SetSecurityInfoProt MySetSecurityInfo;
614 * This source file already uses advapi32.dll library, so it is
615 * linked to executable and automatically loaded when starting
616 * current running process.
618 advapi32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("advapi32.dll"));
621 MySetSecurityInfo = (SetSecurityInfoProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(advapi32, "SetSecurityInfo");
622 MySetSecurityInfo(token, SE_KERNEL_OBJECT, DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, NULL, NULL, old_dacl, NULL);
625 LocalFree(security_descriptor);
630 * Change error mode of the current thread. If it is not possible then change
631 * error mode of the whole process. Always returns previous error mode.
634 change_error_mode(UINT new_mode)
636 SetThreadErrorModeProt MySetThreadErrorMode = NULL;
641 * Function SetThreadErrorMode() was introduced in Windows 7, so use
642 * GetProcAddress() for compatibility with older systems.
644 kernel32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll"));
646 MySetThreadErrorMode = (SetThreadErrorModeProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "SetThreadErrorMode");
648 if (MySetThreadErrorMode &&
649 MySetThreadErrorMode(new_mode, &old_mode))
653 * Fallback to function SetErrorMode() which modifies error mode of the
654 * whole process and returns old mode.
656 return SetErrorMode(new_mode);
660 * Open process handle specified by the process id with the query right and
661 * optionally also with vm read right.
664 open_process_for_query(DWORD pid, BOOL with_vm_read)
666 BOOL revert_only_privilege;
667 LUID luid_debug_privilege;
668 OSVERSIONINFO version;
674 * Some processes on Windows Vista and higher systems can be opened only
675 * with PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION right. This right is enough
676 * for accessing primary process token. But this right is not supported
677 * on older pre-Vista systems. When the current thread on these older
678 * systems does not have Debug privilege then OpenProcess() fails with
679 * ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED. If the current thread has Debug privilege then
680 * OpenProcess() success and returns handle to requested process.
681 * Problem is that this handle does not have PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION
682 * right and so cannot be used for accessing primary process token
683 * on those older systems. Moreover it has zero rights and therefore
684 * such handle is fully useless. So never try to use open process with
685 * PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION right on older systems than
686 * Windows Vista (NT 6.0).
688 version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(version);
689 if (GetVersionEx(&version) &&
690 version.dwPlatformId == VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT &&
691 version.dwMajorVersion >= 6)
692 process_right = PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION;
694 process_right = PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION;
697 process_right |= PROCESS_VM_READ;
699 process = OpenProcess(process_right, FALSE, pid);
704 * It is possible to open only processes to which owner of the current
705 * thread access token has permissions. For opening other processing it
706 * is required to have Debug privilege enabled. By default local
707 * administrators have this privilege, but it is disabled. So try to
708 * enable it and then try to open process again.
711 if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_DEBUG_NAME, &luid_debug_privilege))
714 if (!enable_privilege(luid_debug_privilege, &revert_token, &revert_only_privilege))
717 process = OpenProcess(process_right, FALSE, pid);
719 revert_privilege(luid_debug_privilege, revert_token, revert_only_privilege);
725 * Check if process image path name (wide string) matches exe file name
726 * (7-bit ASCII string). Do case-insensitive string comparison. Process
727 * image path name can be in any namespace format (DOS, Win32, UNC, ...).
730 check_process_name(LPCWSTR path, DWORD path_length, LPCSTR exe_file)
732 DWORD exe_file_length;
738 while (exe_file[exe_file_length] != '\0')
741 /* Path must have backslash before exe file name. */
742 if (exe_file_length >= path_length ||
743 path[path_length-exe_file_length-1] != L'\\')
746 for (i = 0; i < exe_file_length; i++)
748 c1 = path[path_length-exe_file_length+i];
751 * Input string for comparison is 7-bit ASCII and file name part
752 * of path must not contain backslash as it is path separator.
754 if (c1 >= 0x80 || c2 >= 0x80 || c1 == L'\\')
756 if (c1 >= L'a' && c1 <= L'z')
758 if (c2 >= 'a' && c2 <= 'z')
767 /* Open process handle with the query right specified by process exe file. */
769 find_and_open_process_for_query(LPCSTR exe_file)
771 GetProcessImageFileNameWProt MyGetProcessImageFileNameW;
772 GetModuleFileNameExWProt MyGetModuleFileNameExW;
773 EnumProcessesProt MyEnumProcesses;
774 HMODULE kernel32, psapi;
775 UINT prev_error_mode;
787 kernel32 = GetModuleHandle(TEXT("kernel32.dll"));
792 * On Windows 7 and higher systems these functions are available in
793 * kernel32.dll library with K32 prefix.
795 MyGetModuleFileNameExW = NULL;
796 MyGetProcessImageFileNameW = (GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "K32GetProcessImageFileNameW");
797 MyEnumProcesses = (EnumProcessesProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(kernel32, "K32EnumProcesses");
798 if (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW || !MyEnumProcesses)
801 * On older NT-based systems these functions are available in
802 * psapi.dll library without K32 prefix.
804 prev_error_mode = change_error_mode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
805 psapi = LoadLibrary(TEXT("psapi.dll"));
806 change_error_mode(prev_error_mode);
812 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() is available in
813 * Windows XP and higher systems. On older versions is
814 * available function GetModuleFileNameExW().
816 MyGetProcessImageFileNameW = (GetProcessImageFileNameWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "GetProcessImageFileNameW");
817 MyGetModuleFileNameExW = (GetModuleFileNameExWProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "GetModuleFileNameExW");
818 MyEnumProcesses = (EnumProcessesProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(psapi, "EnumProcesses");
819 if ((!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && !MyGetModuleFileNameExW) || !MyEnumProcesses)
826 /* Make initial buffer size for 1024 processes. */
827 size = 1024 * sizeof(*processes);
830 processes = (DWORD *)LocalAlloc(LPTR, size);
838 if (!MyEnumProcesses(processes, size, &length))
840 LocalFree(processes);
845 else if (size == length)
848 * There is no indication given when the buffer is too small to
849 * store all process identifiers. Therefore if returned length
850 * is same as buffer size there can be more processes. Call
851 * again with larger buffer.
853 LocalFree(processes);
859 count = length / sizeof(*processes);
861 for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
863 /* Skip System Idle Process. */
864 if (processes[i] == 0)
868 * Function GetModuleFileNameExW() requires additional
869 * PROCESS_VM_READ right as opposite to function
870 * GetProcessImageFileNameW() which does not need it.
872 process = open_process_for_query(processes[i], MyGetProcessImageFileNameW ? FALSE : TRUE);
877 * Set initial buffer size to 256 (wide) characters.
878 * Final path length on the modern NT-based systems can be also larger.
881 found_process = FALSE;
885 path = (LPWSTR)LocalAlloc(LPTR, size * sizeof(*path));
889 if (MyGetProcessImageFileNameW)
890 length = MyGetProcessImageFileNameW(process, path, size);
892 length = MyGetModuleFileNameExW(process, NULL, path, size);
894 error = GetLastError();
897 * GetModuleFileNameEx() returns zero and signal error ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY
898 * when remote process is in the middle of updating its module table.
899 * Sleep 10 ms and try again, max 10 attempts.
901 if (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW)
903 if (length == 0 && error == ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY && partial_retry++ < 10)
912 * When buffer is too small then function GetModuleFileNameEx() returns
913 * its size argument on older systems (Windows XP) or its size minus
914 * argument one on new systems (Windows 10) without signalling any error.
915 * Function GetProcessImageFileNameW() on the other hand returns zero
916 * value and signals error ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER. So in all these
917 * cases call function again with larger buffer.
920 if (MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && length == 0 && error != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
923 if ((MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && length == 0) ||
924 (!MyGetProcessImageFileNameW && (length == size || length == size-1)))
931 if (length && check_process_name(path, length, exe_file))
932 found_process = TRUE;
944 CloseHandle(process);
948 LocalFree(processes);
957 * Try to open primary access token of the particular process with specified
958 * rights. Before opening access token try to adjust DACL permissions of the
959 * primary process access token, so following open does not fail on error
960 * related to no open permissions. Revert DACL permissions after open attempt.
961 * As following steps are not atomic, try to execute them more times in case
962 * of possible race conditions caused by other threads or processes.
965 try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(HANDLE process, DWORD rights)
967 PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR security_descriptor;
975 * This code is not atomic. Between grant and open calls can other
976 * thread or process change or revert permissions. So try to execute
979 for (retry = 0; retry < 10; retry++)
981 if (!grant_process_token_dacl_permissions(process, rights, &grant_token, &old_dacl, &security_descriptor))
983 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
986 error = GetLastError();
988 revert_token_dacl_permissions(grant_token, old_dacl, security_descriptor);
991 else if (error != ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
999 * Open primary access token of particular process handle with specified rights.
1000 * If permissions for specified rights are missing then try to grant them.
1003 open_process_token_with_rights(HANDLE process, DWORD rights)
1008 /* First try to open primary access token of process handle directly. */
1009 if (OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
1013 * If opening failed then it means that owner of the current thread
1014 * access token does not have permission for it. Try it again with
1015 * primary process access token.
1017 if (change_token_to_primary(&old_token))
1019 if (!OpenProcessToken(process, rights, &token))
1021 revert_to_token(old_token);
1027 * If opening is still failing then try to grant specified permissions
1028 * for the current thread and try to open it again.
1030 token = try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(process, rights);
1035 * And if it is still failing then try it again with granting
1036 * permissions for the primary process token of the current process.
1038 if (change_token_to_primary(&old_token))
1040 token = try_grant_permissions_and_open_process_token(process, rights);
1041 revert_to_token(old_token);
1047 * TODO: Sorry, no other option for now...
1048 * It could be possible to use Take Ownership Name privilege to
1049 * temporary change token owner of specified process to the owner of
1050 * the current thread token, grant permissions for current thread in
1051 * that process token, change ownership back to original one, open
1052 * that process token and revert granted permissions. But this is
1053 * not implemented yet.
1059 * Set x86 I/O Privilege Level to 3 for the whole current NT process. Do it via
1060 * NtSetInformationProcess() call with ProcessUserModeIOPL information class,
1061 * which is supported by 32-bit Windows NT kernel versions and requires Tcb
1065 SetProcessUserModeIOPL(VOID)
1067 NtSetInformationProcessProt MyNtSetInformationProcess;
1069 LUID luid_tcb_privilege;
1070 LUID luid_impersonate_privilege;
1072 HANDLE revert_token_tcb_privilege;
1073 BOOL revert_only_tcb_privilege;
1075 HANDLE revert_token_impersonate_privilege;
1076 BOOL revert_only_impersonate_privilege;
1078 BOOL impersonate_privilege_enabled;
1080 BOOL revert_to_old_token;
1083 HANDLE lsass_process;
1086 UINT prev_error_mode;
1091 impersonate_privilege_enabled = FALSE;
1092 revert_to_old_token = FALSE;
1096 /* Fast path when ProcessUserModeIOPL was already called. */
1097 if (read_iopl() == 3)
1101 * Load ntdll.dll library with disabled critical-error-handler message box.
1102 * It means that NT kernel does not show unwanted GUI message box to user
1103 * when LoadLibrary() function fails.
1105 prev_error_mode = change_error_mode(SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS);
1106 ntdll = LoadLibrary(TEXT("ntdll.dll"));
1107 change_error_mode(prev_error_mode);
1109 goto err_not_implemented;
1111 /* Retrieve pointer to NtSetInformationProcess() function. */
1112 MyNtSetInformationProcess = (NtSetInformationProcessProt)(LPVOID)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "NtSetInformationProcess");
1113 if (!MyNtSetInformationProcess)
1114 goto err_not_implemented;
1117 * ProcessUserModeIOPL is syscall for NT kernel to change x86 IOPL
1118 * of the current running process to 3.
1120 * Process handle argument for ProcessUserModeIOPL is ignored and
1121 * IOPL is always changed for the current running process. So pass
1122 * GetCurrentProcess() handle for documentation purpose. Process
1123 * information buffer and length are unused for ProcessUserModeIOPL.
1125 * ProcessUserModeIOPL may success (return value >= 0) or may fail
1126 * because it is not implemented or because of missing privilege.
1127 * Other errors are not defined, so handle them as unknown.
1129 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1132 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1133 goto err_not_implemented;
1134 else if (nt_status != STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1138 * If ProcessUserModeIOPL call failed with STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD
1139 * error then it means that the current thread token does not have
1140 * Tcb privilege enabled. Try to enable it.
1143 if (!LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_TCB_NAME, &luid_tcb_privilege))
1144 goto err_not_implemented;
1147 * If the current thread has already Tcb privilege enabled then there
1148 * is some additional unhanded restriction.
1150 if (have_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege))
1151 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1153 /* Try to enable Tcb privilege and try ProcessUserModeIOPL call again. */
1154 if (enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, &revert_token_tcb_privilege, &revert_only_tcb_privilege))
1156 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1157 revert_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, revert_token_tcb_privilege, revert_only_tcb_privilege);
1160 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1161 goto err_not_implemented;
1162 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1163 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1169 * If enabling of Tcb privilege failed then it means that current thread
1170 * does not this privilege. But current process may have it. So try it
1171 * again with primary process access token.
1175 * If system supports Impersonate privilege (Windows 2000 SP4 or higher) then
1176 * all future actions in this function require this Impersonate privilege.
1177 * So try to enable it in case it is currently disabled.
1179 if (LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_IMPERSONATE_NAME, &luid_impersonate_privilege) &&
1180 !have_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege))
1183 * If current thread does not have Impersonate privilege enabled
1184 * then first try to enable it just for the current thread. If
1185 * it is not possible to enable it just for the current thread
1186 * then try it to enable globally for whole process (which
1187 * affects all process threads). Both actions will be reverted
1188 * at the end of this function.
1190 if (enable_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, &revert_token_impersonate_privilege, &revert_only_impersonate_privilege))
1192 impersonate_privilege_enabled = TRUE;
1194 else if (enable_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, NULL, NULL))
1196 impersonate_privilege_enabled = TRUE;
1197 revert_token_impersonate_privilege = NULL;
1198 revert_only_impersonate_privilege = TRUE;
1202 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1206 * Now when Impersonate privilege is enabled, try to enable Tcb
1207 * privilege again. Enabling other privileges for the current
1208 * thread requires Impersonate privilege, so enabling Tcb again
1211 if (enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, &revert_token_tcb_privilege, &revert_only_tcb_privilege))
1213 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1214 revert_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, revert_token_tcb_privilege, revert_only_tcb_privilege);
1217 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1218 goto err_not_implemented;
1219 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1220 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1227 * If enabling Tcb privilege failed then it means that the current
1228 * thread access token does not have this privilege or does not
1229 * have permission to adjust privileges.
1231 * Try to use more privileged token from Local Security Authority
1232 * Subsystem Service process (lsass.exe) which has Tcb privilege.
1233 * Retrieving this more privileged token is possible for local
1234 * administrators (unless it was disabled by local administrators).
1237 lsass_process = find_and_open_process_for_query("lsass.exe");
1239 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1242 * Open primary lsass.exe process access token with query and duplicate
1243 * rights. Just these two rights are required for impersonating other
1244 * primary process token (impersonate right is really not required!).
1246 lsass_token = open_process_token_with_rights(lsass_process, TOKEN_QUERY | TOKEN_DUPLICATE);
1248 CloseHandle(lsass_process);
1251 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1254 * After successful open of the primary lsass.exe process access token,
1255 * assign its copy for the current thread.
1257 if (!change_token(lsass_token, &old_token))
1258 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1260 revert_to_old_token = TRUE;
1262 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1263 if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1266 * Now current thread is not using primary process token anymore
1267 * but is using custom access token. There is no need to revert
1268 * enabled Tcb privilege as the whole custom access token would
1269 * be reverted. So there is no need to setup revert method for
1270 * enabling privilege.
1272 if (have_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege) ||
1273 !enable_privilege(luid_tcb_privilege, NULL, NULL))
1274 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1275 nt_status = MyNtSetInformationProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), ProcessUserModeIOPL, NULL, 0);
1279 else if (nt_status == STATUS_NOT_IMPLEMENTED)
1280 goto err_not_implemented;
1281 else if (nt_status == STATUS_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD)
1282 goto err_privilege_not_held;
1288 * Some Windows NT kernel versions (e.g. Windows 2003 x64) do not
1289 * implement ProcessUserModeIOPL syscall at all but incorrectly
1290 * returns success when it is called by user process. So always
1291 * after this call verify that IOPL is set to 3.
1293 if (read_iopl() != 3)
1294 goto err_not_implemented;
1298 err_not_implemented:
1299 SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION);
1303 err_privilege_not_held:
1304 SetLastError(ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD);
1309 SetLastError(ERROR_GEN_FAILURE);
1314 if (revert_to_old_token)
1315 revert_to_token(old_token);
1317 if (impersonate_privilege_enabled)
1318 revert_privilege(luid_impersonate_privilege, revert_token_impersonate_privilege, revert_only_impersonate_privilege);
1321 CloseHandle(lsass_token);
1330 intel_setup_io(struct pci_access *a)
1333 /* 16/32-bit non-NT systems allow applications to access PCI I/O ports without any special setup. */
1334 OSVERSIONINFOA version;
1335 version.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(version);
1336 if (GetVersionExA(&version) && version.dwPlatformId < VER_PLATFORM_WIN32_NT)
1338 a->debug("Detected 16/32-bit non-NT system, skipping NT setup...");
1343 /* On NT-based systems issue ProcessUserModeIOPL syscall which changes IOPL to 3. */
1344 if (!SetProcessUserModeIOPL())
1346 a->warning("NT ProcessUserModeIOPL call failed with error: %lu.", (unsigned long int)GetLastError());
1350 a->debug("NT ProcessUserModeIOPL call succeeded...");
1355 intel_cleanup_io(struct pci_access *a UNUSED)
1358 * 16/32-bit non-NT systems do not use any special setup and on NT-based
1359 * systems ProcessUserModeIOPL permanently changes IOPL to 3 for the current
1360 * NT process, no revert for current process is possible.
1364 static inline void intel_io_lock(void)
1368 static inline void intel_io_unlock(void)